{"id":10150,"date":"2021-03-31T01:24:55","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T23:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=10150"},"modified":"2023-02-15T15:43:33","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T14:43:33","slug":"les-banques-centrales-ne-joignent-pas-le-geste-a-la-parole-en-matiere-decologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/03\/31\/les-banques-centrales-ne-joignent-pas-le-geste-a-la-parole-en-matiere-decologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Les banques centrales ne joignent pas le geste \u00e0 la parole en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9cologie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> parlent<\/span><\/span> de plus en plus du <\/span><\/span>changement<\/span><\/span> climatique<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> n’agissent<\/span><\/span> pas. <\/span><\/span>C’est<\/span><\/span> la <\/span><\/span>principale<\/span><\/span> conclusion d’un nouveau rapport <\/span><\/span>publi\u00e9<\/span><\/span> aujourd’hui<\/span><\/span> par Positive Money, qui analyse les engagements climatiques des autorit\u00e9s mon\u00e9taires et <\/span><\/span>financi\u00e8res<\/span><\/span> du G20. <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tout en paroles, <\/span><\/span>rien<\/span><\/span> en <\/span><\/span>actes<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Soutenue<\/span><\/span> par 24 <\/span><\/span>instituts<\/span><\/span> de recherche et ONG, <\/span><\/span>dont<\/span><\/span> Reclaim Finance, la \u00ab\u00a0Green Central Banking Scorecard\u00a0\u00bb de Positive Money <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9v\u00e8le<\/span><\/span> que <\/span><\/span>les petits pas des <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> en mati\u00e8re de recherche et de promotion du <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/span> durable <\/span><\/span>sont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9clips\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> par un <\/span><\/span>dangereux<\/span><\/span> manque <\/span><\/span>d’action<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>otamment<\/span><\/span> en mati\u00e8re de<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9duction<\/span><\/span> des <\/span><\/span>soutiens<\/span><\/span> aux <\/span><\/span>\u00e9nergi<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span> fossiles<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Dans les <\/span><\/span>rares<\/span><\/span> cas<\/span><\/span> o\u00f9<\/span><\/span> les <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> commenc\u00e9<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>int\u00e9gr\u00e9<\/span><\/span> le <\/span><\/span>climat<\/span><\/span> dans <\/span><\/span>leurs<\/span><\/span> politiques, <\/span><\/span>l’accent<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> mis sur l<\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>transparence<\/span><\/span>, les tests de <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9sistance<\/span><\/span> et <\/span><\/span>l’encouragement<\/span><\/span> des <\/span><\/span>pr\u00eats<\/span><\/span> vers<\/span><\/span> des <\/span><\/span>act<\/span><\/span>ivit\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> vert<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En <\/span><\/span>fait<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>si<\/span><\/span> 14 <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> sur 20 <\/span><\/span>ont<\/span><\/span> obtenu<\/span><\/span> la note <\/span><\/span>maximale<\/span><\/span> pour <\/span><\/span>leurs<\/span><\/span> efforts de recherche et de sensibilisation, aucune n’a r\u00e9ussi<\/span> \u00e0 <\/strong><\/span><\/span>obtenir<\/span><\/span> la <\/span><\/span>moiti\u00e9<\/span><\/span> des points<\/span><\/span>. La Chine arrive en t\u00eate du <\/span><\/span>classement<\/span><\/span> avec un score de <\/span><\/span>seulement<\/span><\/span><\/strong> 50 sur 130 (38 %)<\/strong>, ce<\/span> qui <\/span><\/span> d\u00e9montre<\/span><\/span> l’\u00e9norme<\/span><\/span> foss\u00e9<\/span><\/span> qui <\/span><\/span>s\u00e9pare<\/span><\/span> les <\/span><\/span>objectifs<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9clar\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> des <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9cideurs<\/span><\/span> politiques en mati\u00e8re <\/span>climatique<\/span> et la <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L<\/span><\/span>\u2019\u00e9chec<\/span><\/span> europ\u00e9en<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Les <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> europ\u00e9ennes<\/span><\/span> s<\/span><\/span>ont<\/span><\/span> de plus en plus <\/span><\/span>bavardes<\/span><\/span> sur le <\/span><\/span>changement<\/span><\/span> climatique<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>mais<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>classent<\/span><\/span> entre la 3e et la 7e place en <\/span><\/span>obtenant<\/span><\/span> seulement<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>un tiers <\/span><\/span>\u00e0<\/span><\/span> un <\/span><\/span>cinqui\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> du total des points et en luttant visiblement pour obtenir ne <\/span><\/span>serait-ce<\/span><\/span> que <\/span><\/span>quelques<\/span><\/span> points sur le <\/span><\/span>crit\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> de politique <\/span><\/span>mon\u00e9taire<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s <\/span>avoir<\/span> r\u00e9cemment<\/span> limit\u00e9<\/a><\/u><\/span> ses<\/span> investissements<\/span> dans les combustibles <\/span>fossiles<\/span> et <\/span>d\u00e9fendu<\/span> des propositions<\/a><\/u> <\/span>visant<\/span> \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>verdir<\/span>\u00a0\u00bb la Banque centrale <\/span>europ\u00e9enne<\/span> (BCE), la Banque de France arrive en t\u00eate des <\/span>banques<\/span> centrales<\/span> europ\u00e9ennes<\/span>, bien <\/span>qu’elle<\/span> n’ait<\/span> obtenu<\/span> qu’un<\/span> tiers des points.<\/span><\/p>\n

L<\/span><\/span>‘incapacit\u00e9<\/span> des <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>l’Eurosyst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>mettre<\/span><\/span> en <\/span><\/span>\u0153uvre<\/span><\/span> les <\/span><\/span>mesures<\/span><\/span> mon\u00e9taires<\/span><\/span> et <\/span><\/span>prudentielles<\/span><\/span> n\u00e9cessaires<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>l’alignement<\/span><\/span> sur <\/span><\/span>l’Accord<\/span><\/span> de Paris <\/span><\/span>signifie<\/span><\/span> que la Banque <\/span><\/span>d’Angleterre<\/span><\/span>, qui <\/span><\/span>s’est<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9cemment<\/span><\/span> engag\u00e9e<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>exclure<\/span><\/span> les grands <\/span><\/span>pollueurs<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>ses<\/span><\/span> achats<\/span><\/span> d’actifs<\/span><\/span>, et qui arrive en <\/span><\/span>quatri\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> position, <\/span><\/span>devrait<\/span><\/span> bient\u00f4t<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9passer<\/span><\/span> ses<\/span><\/span> homologue<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> d’outre<\/span>-Manche.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La BCE sous pression<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

La BCE <\/span><\/span>est<\/span><\/span> embl\u00e9matique<\/span><\/span> des conclusions du rapport. Alors que le <\/span><\/span>lancement<\/span><\/span> de la <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9vision<\/span><\/span> de la <\/span><\/span>strat\u00e9gie<\/span><\/span> de la <\/span><\/span>banque<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> suivi<\/span><\/span> par des <\/span><\/span>discours<\/span><\/span> sur le <\/span><\/span>climat<\/span><\/span> et la reconnaissance de son importance <\/span><\/span>pour<\/span><\/span> la politique <\/span><\/span>mon\u00e9taire<\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span>notamment<\/span><\/span> avec un nouveau \u00ab\u00a0centre climat<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0), les <\/span><\/span>mesures<\/span><\/span> concr\u00e8tes<\/span><\/span> prises par la <\/span><\/span>banque<\/span><\/span> ne <\/span><\/span>contribuent<\/span><\/span> pas \u00e0 la <\/span><\/span>lutte<\/span><\/span> contre<\/span><\/span> le <\/span><\/span>changement<\/span><\/span> climatique<\/span><\/span> et ne corrigent pas son biais carbone. <\/span><\/span>La <\/span><\/span>banque<\/span><\/span> n’a<\/span><\/span> pris <\/span><\/span>aucune<\/span><\/span> mesure<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0fort impact\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> L<\/span><\/span>es <\/span><\/span>quelques<\/span><\/span> mesures<\/span><\/span> mises en <\/span><\/span>\u0153uvre<\/span><\/span> visent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>mieux<\/span><\/span> identifier les risques <\/span><\/span>climatiques<\/span><\/span>, sans adapter <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span> outils<\/span><\/span> mon\u00e9taires<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> prudentiels<\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Elle <\/span><\/span>obtient<\/span><\/span> ainsi<\/span><\/span> un <\/span><\/span>pi\u00e8tre<\/span><\/span> score de 15 sur 50 en mati\u00e8re de politique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Alors que les <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> de Chine et du <\/span><\/span>Br\u00e9sil<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0 mis en <\/span><\/span>\u0153uvre<\/span><\/span> de premi\u00e8res <\/span><\/span>mesures<\/span><\/span> de politique <\/span><\/span>mon\u00e9taire<\/span><\/span>, la BCE continue de retarder<\/a><\/u> son action<\/span><\/span><\/strong> alors<\/span><\/span> que les <\/span><\/span>objectifs<\/span><\/span> climatiques<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>l’UE<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> bien plus ambitieux que ceux du <\/span><\/span>Br\u00e9sil<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> de la Chine.<\/span><\/span> Le <\/span><\/span>gouverneur<\/span><\/span> de la Banque de France a <\/span><\/span>m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> soulign\u00e9<\/span><\/span> que <\/span><\/span>l’int\u00e9gration<\/span><\/span> du <\/span><\/span>climat<\/span><\/span> pourrait<\/span><\/span> prendre \u00ab\u00a03 \u00e0 5 <\/span><\/span>ans<\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des <\/span><\/span>dizaines<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>milliers<\/span><\/span> d’Europ\u00e9ens<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> appel\u00e9<\/span><\/span> la BCE<\/a><\/u><\/span> et la Banque de France<\/a><\/u><\/span> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>joindre<\/span><\/span> le <\/span><\/span>geste<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 la parole et \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>agir<\/span><\/span> sans <\/span><\/span>tarder<\/span><\/span> face \u00e0 la crise <\/span><\/span>climatique<\/span><\/span>. Ce rapport <\/span><\/span>vient<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 nouveau <\/span><\/span> justifier <\/span><\/span>cet<\/span><\/span> appel<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span><\/span>besoin<\/span><\/span> imm\u00e9diat<\/span><\/span> de politiques <\/span><\/span>ambitieuses<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

\n

Les <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9cideurs<\/span><\/span> politiques <\/span><\/span>doivent<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>toute<\/span><\/span> urgence <\/span><\/span>exclure<\/span><\/span> les <\/span><\/span>activit\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> non durables des <\/span>actifs<\/span> qu’ils<\/span> ach\u00e8tent<\/span> et <\/span>acceptent en<\/span> garantie<\/span><\/span><\/span>, et faire en <\/span><\/span>sorte<\/span><\/span> que la <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9glementation<\/span><\/span> financi\u00e8re <\/span><\/span>p\u00e9nalise<\/span><\/span> les <\/span><\/span>pr\u00eats<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 forte <\/span><\/span>intensit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>carbone<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, avec des exigences de fonds <\/span><\/span>propres<\/span><\/span> plus <\/span><\/span>\u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> pour <\/span><\/span>refl\u00e9ter<\/span><\/span> plus <\/span><\/span>fid\u00e8lement<\/span><\/span> le <\/span><\/span>risque<\/span><\/span> des <\/span><\/span>investissements<\/span><\/span> dans les <\/span><\/span>\u00e9nergies<\/span><\/span> fossiles<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’attentisme<\/span><\/span> des <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> contribue<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> des <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9cennies<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 la destruction de la <\/span><\/span>plan\u00e8te<\/span><\/span> tout en augmentant les risques financiers<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>. Le NGFS <\/span><\/span>lui-m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> a <\/span><\/span>soulign\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans un rapport<\/a><\/u> <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9cent<\/span><\/span> que \u00ab\u00a0les banques centrales doivent \u00eatre<\/span> conscientes du risque <\/span><\/span>qu’agir<\/span><\/span> t\u00f4t<\/span><\/span> avec des <\/span><\/span>informations<\/span><\/span> imparfaites<\/span><\/span> pourrait<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> co\u00fbteux<\/span><\/span> que <\/span><\/span>d’agir<\/span><\/span> seulement<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> fois<\/span><\/span> que des normes de donn\u00e9es<\/span> plus solides <\/span><\/span>ont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9merg\u00e9<\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

David Barmes, <\/span><\/span>l’auteur<\/span><\/span> principal du rapport, <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9sume<\/span><\/span> la situation<\/span><\/span> : les <\/span><\/span>banques<\/span><\/span> centrales<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> parl\u00e9<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>elles<\/span><\/span> doivent<\/span><\/span> maintenant<\/span><\/span> passer \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>l’action<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>

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Pour aller plus loin :<\/u><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n