{"id":10654,"date":"2021-04-15T17:31:11","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T15:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=10654"},"modified":"2023-02-15T15:28:13","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T14:28:13","slug":"en-financant-eph-la-societe-generale-mine-son-plan-de-sortie-du-charbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/04\/15\/en-financant-eph-la-societe-generale-mine-son-plan-de-sortie-du-charbon\/","title":{"rendered":"En finan\u00e7ant EPH, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale mine son plan de sortie du charbon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Moins d\u2019un an apr\u00e8s <\/span><\/span>sa<\/span><\/span> publication, l<\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>politiq<\/span><\/span>ue<\/span><\/span> charbon de Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale n\u2019a <\/span><\/span>pas r\u00e9sist\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve de<\/span><\/span>s fa<\/span><\/span>its.<\/span><\/span> G<\/span><\/span>r\u00e2ce<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 un tour de passe-passe s\u00e9mantique<\/span><\/span> et une politique \u00e0 g\u00e9om\u00e9trie variable<\/span><\/span>, la<\/span><\/span> banque<\/span><\/span> peut continuer \u00e0 financer des acteurs cl\u00e9s du charbon<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> La banque<\/span><\/span> vient de contribuer<\/span><\/span>, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d\u2019<\/span><\/span>UniCredit<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>ING,<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9dit Suiss<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 un<\/span><\/span> pr\u00eat<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u> d\u20191 milliard d\u2019euros au groupe EPH dont les <\/span><\/span>8 GW de centrales \u00e0 charbon<\/span><\/span> et les <\/span><\/span>40 millions de tonnes de charbon par an g\u00e9n\u00e8rent plus de 20% de son chiffre <\/span><\/span>d\u2019affaire<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Pourtant EPH fait partie des entreprises que Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale ne devrait plus pouvoir financer d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu<\/span><\/span>e l\u2019\u00e9nerg\u00e9ticien <\/span><\/span>ne <\/span><\/span>pr\u00e9voit pas de sortie du charbo<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span> en Europe<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 horizon 2030<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> La banque compte-t-<\/span><\/span>elle respecter son engag<\/span><\/span>ement et<\/span><\/span> exclure le<\/span><\/span> groupe <\/span><\/span>EPH<\/span><\/span> ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

EPH, l’\u00e9nerg\u00e9ticien sp\u00e9cialiste du charbon <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fond\u00e9 en 2009 par le milliardaire tch\u00e8que Daniel <\/span>Kretinski<\/span>, EPH est devenu le 6\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9ticien europ\u00e9en. EPH s\u2019est sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans le rachat de mines de charbon et centrales charbon en fin de vie<\/strong><\/span>.<\/span> Jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, sa strat\u00e9gie consiste \u00e0 les<\/span> exploiter aussi longtemps que possible pour en tirer <\/span><\/span><\/span>un maximum de profit quitte \u00e0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>allonger leur dur\u00e9e de vie <\/span><\/span><\/span>et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer autant d\u2019\u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre qui auraient pu \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9es. R\u00e9sultat, le charbon g\u00e9n\u00e8re encore plus de 20% du chiffre d’affaire du groupe (1). <\/span><\/span><\/span>Selon la Global Coal Exit List<\/a>, les centrales \u00e0 charbon repr\u00e9sentent 46% des moyens de production d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 du groupe, et EPH a produit<\/strong> 40 millions de tonnes de charbon l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re<\/strong>, soit 4 fois plus que le plafond de 10 millions de tonnes par an fix\u00e9 par la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/strong> dans sa politique d\u2019exclusion. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Une politique d’exclusion peu excluante<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Comment se fait-il qu\u2019un \u00e9nerg\u00e9ticien aussi impliqu\u00e9 dans le secteur du charbon passe \u00e0 travers les mailles d\u2019une politique dite de \u201csortie\u201d du charbon ?<\/strong> Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 quelques tours de passe-passe s\u00e9mantiques<\/span>. <\/span>Selon la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale, <\/span>l<\/span>e crit\u00e8re d\u2019exclusion de la politique <\/span>mini\u00e8re<\/span> concern<\/span>e uniquement<\/span> les \u00ab entit\u00e9s du secteur de l\u2019extraction<\/span> du charbon thermique<\/span> \u00bb, d\u00e9finies dans le glossaire comme <\/span>\u201c<\/span>personne morale op\u00e9rant ou poss\u00e9dant directement des actifs d\u2019extraction de Charbon thermique<\/span>\u201d<\/span>.<\/span> Dit autrement<\/span>, <\/span>la politique de sortie du charbon de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale lui interdit de financer les entreprises directement actives dans l\u2019extraction du charbon<\/span> et produisant plus de 10 millions de tonnes de charbon par an<\/span>, mais pas leurs <\/span>maisons-m\u00e8res<\/span> – <\/span>le groupe <\/span>EPH en l\u2019occurrence<\/span>. <\/span>La politique d\u2019exclusion n\u2019exclut donc plus grand chose<\/strong> <\/span>\u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les grands groupes sont rarement directement aux manettes des <\/span>centrales et des <\/span>mines<\/span> :<\/span> ils les<\/span> d\u00e9tien<\/span>nent <\/span>et <\/span>les exploitent le plus souvent<\/span> via <\/span>des filiales<\/span>. <\/span>Dans le cas d\u2019EPH, cette subtilit\u00e9 fr\u00f4le l\u2019absurdit\u00e9 puisque<\/span> le<\/span> groupe EPH <\/span>d\u00e9tient \u00e0 <\/span>100%<\/span> et finance<\/span> la filiale EP Energie<\/span> qui <\/span>exploite l\u2019essentiel des centrales et mines du <\/span>groupe<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le cas EPH, l’arbre qui cache la for\u00eat?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Le risque c\u2019est qu’EPH ne soit pas un cas isol\u00e9.<\/strong> En effet, \u00e0 <\/span>force de formules alambiqu\u00e9es et d\u2019exceptions, la politique d’exclusion permet aussi \u00e0 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de continuer \u00e0 financer, si elle le d\u00e9cide, <\/strong><\/span>un g\u00e9ant minier comme Glencore<\/a><\/strong> qui a produit pr\u00e8s de 130 millions de tonnes de charbon en 2020<\/span> selon la Global Coal Exit List, soit 13 fois plus que le seuil d’exclusion pr\u00e9vu par la politique de la banque. <\/span>Si \u00e7a n\u2019est pas une violation de la politique de la banque, il fau<\/span>t<\/span> que cela le devienne au plus vite pour que la politique ne soit pas compl\u00e8tement hors sujet et hors d\u00e9lai. <\/span><\/p>\n

Le risque aussi, c’est que Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale ne soit pas la seule \u00e0 jouer avec les mots pour exempter certains industriels. Dernier exemple en date: dans le consortium de banques pr\u00eatant \u00e0 EPH, on trouve aussi Unicredit et ING, deux banques qui ont r\u00e9cemment adopt\u00e9 des calendriers de sortie du charbon incompatibles avec les<\/span> projets d’EPH.<\/p>\n

Fin 2021, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale appliquera-t-elle s\u00e9rieusement sa politique en excluant EPH? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale fait preuve d’une grande hypocrisie en accordant un \u00e9ni\u00e8me financement \u00e0 EPH en mars 2021 alors qu’elle<\/span> s\u2019est engag\u00e9e, fin 2021 au plus tard (dans quelques mois \u00e0 peine donc), \u00e0 ne plus fournir, ni nouveaux produits ni nouveaux services financiers, <\/span>\u00e0 ses clients<\/span> qui n\u2019ont<\/span> pas communiqu\u00e9 \u201cun plan de transition coh\u00e9rent avec les objectifs de sortie du Charbon thermique 2030\/2040 de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale\u201d. Or, le \u201cplan\u201d du groupe EPH est incompatible avec les objectifs de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019une sortie totale du charbon en Europe d\u2019ici 2030. E<\/span>n effet, <\/span>EPH pr\u00e9voit d\u2019exploiter une partie de ses actifs charbon en Europe \u2013 mines et centrales – au-del\u00e0 de 2030.<\/span> A moins qu’EPH change radicalement de strat\u00e9gie d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, le groupe ne devrait plus avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 de nouveaux services et produits financiers de la banque \u00e0 partir de fin 2021 au plus tard. <\/span><\/p>\n

Il en va de la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 de Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale, d\u00e9j\u00e0 mise \u00e0 mal dans le rapport Banking on Climate Chaos qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le qu\u2019entre 2019 et 2020, ses financements aux \u00e9nergies fossiles ont augment\u00e9 de 30%. En attendant que la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale renforce sa politique d\u2019exclusion, clarifie ses exigences en mati\u00e8re de \u201cplan de transition coh\u00e9rent\u201d et arr\u00eate tout simplement de soutenir des g\u00e9ants des \u00e9nergies fossiles comme EPH, nous revoyons \u00e0 la baisse la note de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans notre outil d\u2019\u00e9valuation des politiques charbon (Coal Policy Tool).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

La note de Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans le Coal Policy Tool<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale perd des points car sa politique d’exclusion des entreprises mini\u00e8res ne s’applique pas aux maisons-m\u00e8res comme EPH.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pour aller plus loin :<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

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  1. \n
  2. \n
  3. \n
  4. \n
    \n
    Lire le rapport 2021 Banking on Climate Chaos<\/a> <\/u>pour en savoir plus sur les financements aux \u00e9nergies fossiles de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":10659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"acteurs_financiers":[2276],"thematique":[2278,2415],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-10654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","acteurs_financiers-banques-fr","thematique-charbon-fr-fr","thematique-energies-fossiles"],"yoast_head":"\nEn finan\u00e7ant EPH, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale mine son plan de sortie du charbon - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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