{"id":13808,"date":"2021-07-07T15:35:18","date_gmt":"2021-07-07T13:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=13808"},"modified":"2023-02-08T16:18:54","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T15:18:54","slug":"la-strategie-finance-durable-de-lue-reproduit-les-erreurs-du-passe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/07\/07\/la-strategie-finance-durable-de-lue-reproduit-les-erreurs-du-passe\/","title":{"rendered":"La strat\u00e9gie finance durable de l’UE reproduit les erreurs du pass\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le 6 juillet, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a publi\u00e9 sa <\/span><\/span><\/span>communication sur <\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>la nouvelle strat\u00e9gie finance durable<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span> de l\u2019UE<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Ce document – accompagn\u00e9 d’<\/span><\/span>une <\/a>proposition de standard europ\u00e9en pour les obligations vertes<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span> – confirme les craintes des d\u00e9fenseurs de l\u2019environnement : une taxonomie durable \u00e9tendue aux activit\u00e9s polluantes, un accent mis sur le d\u00e9veloppement d’activit\u00e9s pr\u00e9tendument \u00ab\u00a0durables\u00a0\u00bb au lieu de la r\u00e9duction des sou<\/span>tiens aux activit\u00e9s polluantes – y compris les \u00e9nergies fossiles -, une r\u00e9ticence persistante \u00e0 l\u2019adoption de r\u00e8gles contraignantes… Malgr\u00e9 tout, la nouvelle strat\u00e9gie laisse quelques espoirs de changements significatifs dans la r\u00e9glementation financi\u00e8re, notamment en ce qui concerne l’int\u00e9gration du risque climatique et l\u2019action des superviseurs financiers. Notre analyse.<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

1) L’UE ne rel\u00e8ve pas le d\u00e9fi de la finance durable<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

La taxonomie durable de l’UE continue de sombrer<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

L’une des premi\u00e8res mesures mises en avant dans la nouvelle strat\u00e9gie est l’extension de la taxonomie de l’UE pour l’att\u00e9nuation et l’adaptation au changement climatique. <\/span>Comme annonc\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment<\/a><\/u><\/span>, la Commission devrait proposer l’inclusion d’activit\u00e9s qui n’\u00e9taient pas couvertes par les premiers actes d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s \u2013 dont l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire -, une l\u00e9gislation sp\u00e9cifique pour soutenir le financement de certaines activit\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme contribuant \u00e0 la transition – y compris le gaz fossile –<\/b>, et l’examen des options permettant de mobiliser des financements pour les activit\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0de transition\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les activit\u00e9s polluantes toujours ignor\u00e9es<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Les propositions de la Commission europ\u00e9enne – qu’il s’agisse de favoriser les pr\u00eats et hypoth\u00e8ques verts, de cr\u00e9er de nouveaux labels et standards ou d’assouplir les exigences en mati\u00e8re de capital pour les activit\u00e9s vertes – ne contribuent pas \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le soutien aux activit\u00e9s \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 carbone<\/b>. Le seul \u00e9l\u00e9ment de la strat\u00e9gie qui aborde directement la question des activit\u00e9s polluantes est le prochain rapport de la Commission concernant une <\/span>taxonomie des activit\u00e9s polluantes<\/a><\/u><\/span> mais celle-ci apparait d\u00e9j\u00e0 compromise si le gaz fossile est inclus \u00e0 la taxonomie durable.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un pari aveugle sur la bonne volont\u00e9 des acteurs financiers<\/span> <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Une grande majorit\u00e9 des mesures de la strat\u00e9gie renouvel\u00e9e porte sur la mise en place de nouveaux outils non contraignants <\/b>(tels que des crit\u00e8res de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, des taxonomies et labels). Les quelques mesures contraignantes d\u00e9crites concernent la transparence, les stress-tests ou – dans une moindre mesure, plus tard et avec une grande incertitude – l’int\u00e9gration des risques.<\/span><\/p>\n

2) Une certaine place pour l’espoir<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Les h\u00e9sitations de l’UE sur les risques climatiques<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Si plusieurs mesures significatives sont \u00e9voqu\u00e9es, concernant l’ajustement des exigences de fonds propres par le biais de la CRR\/CRD et de Solvency, leur contenu reste tr\u00e8s incertain et li\u00e9 \u00e0 des travaux compl\u00e9mentaires futurs. En l’absence de r\u00e8gles strictes en mati\u00e8re d’exigences de fonds propres, les mesures propos\u00e9es par la Commission resteront largement inefficaces.<\/b> La Commission europ\u00e9enne devrait adopter une approche de pr\u00e9caution face aux risques climatiques et adapter les exigences de fonds propres pour refl\u00e9ter le niveau tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 des risques li\u00e9s aux activit\u00e9s les plus polluantes – y compris <\/u><\/span>les \u00e9nergies fossiles<\/u><\/span> – d\u00e8s que possible. <\/span><\/p>\n

Un appel \u00e0 lutter contre le greenwashing<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

La lutte contre l’\u00e9coblanchiment semble \u00eatre le seul domaine dans lequel la Commission europ\u00e9enne recommande une action imm\u00e9diate. La Commission demande aux <\/b><\/span>superviseurs nationaux<\/a><\/u><\/span> d\u2019utiliser tous les pouvoirs dont ils disposent pour identifier et sanctionner le greenwashing.<\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re pour l’obligation fiduciaire ?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

La Commission pourrait proposer des r\u00e8gles plus claires qui garantiraient la prise en compte des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences climatiques et ESG – souvent appel\u00e9es pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences non-financi\u00e8res – des clients<\/b>. Cependant, l’action de la Commission d\u00e9pendra largement de cette \u00e9valuation et est donc incertaine \u00e0 ce stade.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

En conclusion, la strat\u00e9gie renouvel\u00e9e de l’UE en mati\u00e8re de finance durable confirme l’incapacit\u00e9 de l’UE \u00e0 mettre en place un cadre de finance durable solide et exigeant. En concentrant les efforts de transition uniquement sur les activit\u00e9s dites \u00ab\u00a0durables\u00a0\u00bb et en incluant de plus en plus d’activit\u00e9s polluantes dans cette cat\u00e9gorie, l’UE risque de compromettre sa transition. Bien que de nombreux d\u00e9fis restent \u00e0 relever, les travaux sur les risques climatiques et le greenwashing sont porteurs d’espoir. Si le fait de pousser les superviseurs nationaux \u00e0 agir contre le greenwashing peut avoir des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques \u00e0 court terme, l’ajustement du cadre micro et macro prudentiel selon une nouvelle approche de pr\u00e9caution des risques climatiques pourrait \u00e0 la fois dissuader les acteurs financiers de financer des activit\u00e9s destructrices du climat et prot\u00e9ger la stabilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me financier de l’UE.<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

Lire notre analyse compl\u00e8te en anglais<\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/b><\/span>
\n<\/u><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":7176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[704,1256,936,757],"acteurs_financiers":[],"thematique":[2415,2281],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-13808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-finance","tag-finance-durable","tag-regulation","tag-union-europeenne","thematique-energies-fossiles","thematique-energies-renouvelables-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nLa strat\u00e9gie finance durable de l'UE reproduit les erreurs du pass\u00e9 - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La nouvelle strat\u00e9gie finance durable de l'UE confirme les craintes des d\u00e9fenseurs du climat en reproduisant les erreurs du pass\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta 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