{"id":14441,"date":"2021-08-06T10:16:37","date_gmt":"2021-08-06T08:16:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=14441"},"modified":"2023-02-08T16:13:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T15:13:46","slug":"racheter-des-centrales-a-charbon-pour-le-climat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/08\/06\/racheter-des-centrales-a-charbon-pour-le-climat\/","title":{"rendered":"Racheter des centrales \u00e0 charbon pour le climat ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Reuters<\/span><\/span><\/a> et <\/span>Le Guardian<\/span><\/a><\/span> ont d\u00e9voil\u00e9 des discussions <\/span>en vue de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un nouveau m\u00e9canisme visant officiellement \u00e0 <\/span>acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la fermeture de centrales \u00e0 charbon en Asie.<\/span> L\u2019initiative<\/span>,<\/span> guid\u00e9e par la Banque asiatique de d\u00e9veloppement<\/span> (ADB)<\/span> et l\u2019assureur britannique <\/span>Prudential<\/span>, <\/span>r\u00e9uni<\/span>rait<\/span> des acteurs financiers priv\u00e9s<\/span>. <\/span>Greenwashing ou vrai pas en avant pour la d\u00e9carbonation du mix \u00e9lectrique mondial ? On fait le point. <\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Si les contours du m\u00e9canisme <\/span>devaient \u00eatre d\u00e9finis en amont de la COP26, les quelques informations disponibles laissent apparaitre de nombreuses questions auxquelles il faudra r\u00e9pondre pour garantir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un tel processus.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

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\u00a0Op\u00e9ration de\u00a0<\/span>greenwashing par les plus gros financeurs au charbon\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/h1><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Le profil des acteurs financiers mentionn\u00e9s comme potentielles parties prenantes, les banques Citi et HSBC et le gestionnaire d\u2019actifs BlackRock \u00e0 travers sa filiale BlackRock Real Assets, constitue peut-\u00eatre la plus grosse faiblesse de cette initiative. <\/span>Tous font partie des plus gros soutiens financiers aux entreprises des \u00e9nergies fossiles, y compris \u00e0 celles actives dans le secteur du charbon<\/span><\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Citi est le ainsi le <\/span>4<\/span>\u00e8me<\/span> plus gros pr\u00eateur au monde aux entreprises qui d\u00e9veloppent de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon et BlackRock est leur 2\u00e8me plus gros investisseur<\/a><\/u>. Avec Prudential, en lead sur ce projet, et HSBC<\/span><\/a>, ils font partie des acteurs financiers avec les plus mauvaises politiques sur le secteur du charbon<\/a><\/span>. Si ces acteurs souhaitent r\u00e9ellement contribuer \u00e0 la lutte contre le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique, ils doivent faire bien plus que de se positionner en pompiers pr\u00eats \u00e0 \u00e9teindre l\u2019incendie sur les 15 prochaines ann\u00e9es. Ils doivent d\u2019abord <\/span>s\u2019engager \u00e0 ne plus allumer de feux en refusant de soutenir financi\u00e8rement les entreprises qui construisent de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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F<\/span>ermeture anticip\u00e9e ou\u00a0<\/span>sursis<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>pour le<\/span>\u00a0charbon<\/span>\u00a0?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/b><\/p><\/h2><\/span>

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Se donner toutes les chances de limiter le r\u00e9chauffement climatique en de\u00e7\u00e0 d\u20191,5\u00b0C implique d\u2019avoir ferm\u00e9 toutes les centrales \u00e0 charbon d\u2019ici 2030 dans les pays europ\u00e9ens et de l\u2019OCDE et d\u2019ici 2040 dans le reste du monde. Sur le papier, le m\u00e9canisme annonc\u00e9 est donc dans les clous de la science climatique puisqu\u2019il vise \u00e0 garantir la fermeture de centrales sur les 15 prochaines ann\u00e9es, soit avant 2040. Mais attention, le tout dernier sc\u00e9nario de l\u2019Agence Internationale de l\u2019Energie souligne l\u2019importance de fermer en priorit\u00e9 les centrales \u00e0 charbon les plus inefficaces d\u2019ici 2030. Or, dans tous les pays d\u2019Asie, en 2020, une majorit\u00e9 de centrales font partie de la technologie la plus polluante, dite \u201csous-critique\u201d. L\u2019initiative va-t-elle porter en priorit\u00e9 sur la fermeture des centrales sous-critiques et si oui, est-il pr\u00e9vu de les fermer d\u2019ici 2030 au plus tard ? <\/span><\/p>\n

Autrement, <\/span>le risque est que le m\u00e9canisme offre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un sursis \u00e0 ces centrales particuli\u00e8rement polluantes en leur permettant de rester rentables plus longtemps<\/span><\/b>. Il faut rappeler ici qu\u2019op\u00e9rer des centrales \u00e0 charbon n\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus rentable<\/span><\/a> dans la majeure partie du monde face au d\u00e9veloppement fulgurant des renouvelables. Alors que l\u2019\u00e9volution du march\u00e9 pourrait pousser les entreprises op\u00e9rant les centrales \u00e0 charbon \u00e0 les fermer face \u00e0 des concurrents moins chers, les centrales \u00e0 charbon se voient ici garantir jusqu\u2019\u00e0 15 ans d\u2019op\u00e9ration. Il ne s\u2019agirait donc plus d\u2019une fermeture anticip\u00e9e mais d\u2019un sursis\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Quels<\/span>\u00a0gains<\/span>\u00a0pour le climat ?\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/b><\/p><\/h2><\/span>

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Quels sont les garde-fous mis en place pour s\u2019assurer que ce m\u00e9canisme conduise r\u00e9ellement \u00e0 diminuer le volume d\u2019\u00e9missions de CO2 produit ? Il existe un risque que les op\u00e9rateurs compensent le temps raccourci d\u2019exploitation en faisant fonctionner les centrales de mani\u00e8re plus intensive dans les 15 prochaines ann\u00e9es et que l\u2019\u00e9conomie en \u00e9missions de CO2 se r\u00e9v\u00e8le quasi-nulle. <\/span><\/p>\n

Se pose \u00e9galement la question des revenus tir\u00e9s de la revente de leurs actifs charbon par les entreprises qui les d\u00e9tiennent actuellement. Ces revenus vont-ils \u00e9galement acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ou au contraire, la ralentir ? Il y a un <\/span>risque que ces entreprises, souvent des g\u00e9ants de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, utilisent l\u2019argent de la revente pour continuer \u00e0 investir dans les \u00e9nergies fossiles<\/span><\/b> : des centrales \u00e0 gaz ou m\u00eame – pourquoi pas – investir dans de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon en vue de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier, de nouveau, du m\u00e9canisme de rachat.<\/span> L\u2019ADB doit pr\u00e9voir des garde-fous pour \u00e9viter ce type d\u2019effet pervers<\/span><\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Plus d\u2019<\/span>\u00e9nergies\u00a0<\/span>renouvelables<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/b><\/p><\/h2><\/span>

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D\u2019apr\u00e8s Prudential, ce dispositif permettrait de faire plus de place aux \u00e9nergies renouvelables mais il est trop t\u00f4t pour l\u2019affirmer. Le m\u00e9canisme pr\u00e9voit – en principe \u2013 d\u2019allouer les financements lev\u00e9s par les acteurs financiers \u00e0 une facilit\u00e9 d\u2019investissement dans les \u00e9nergies renouvelables. Si c\u2019est une bonne id\u00e9e sur le papier, cela ne sera une bonne nouvelle qu\u2019\u00e0 condition <\/span>que ce soit des projets d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables qui n\u2019auraient pas trouv\u00e9 de capitaux sur le march\u00e9 priv\u00e9<\/span><\/b> sans ce m\u00e9canisme. <\/span><\/p>\n

L’intervention publique se justifie \u00e0 condition qu\u2019elle permette d\u2019attirer des acteurs priv\u00e9s sur des projets dont les caract\u00e9ristiques en mati\u00e8re sociale et environnementale impliquent un surco\u00fbt ou une prise de risque suppl\u00e9mentaire. A d\u00e9faut de garanties sur la qualit\u00e9 des projets financ\u00e9s, le m\u00e9canisme pourrait surtout permettre de r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer des op\u00e9rateurs priv\u00e9s pour d\u00e9velopper des actifs renouvelables qu\u2019ils auraient – quoiqu\u2019il arrive – d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s car rentables. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Qui va b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier du m\u00e9canisme ?\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/b><\/p><\/h2><\/span>

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L\u2019article de Reuters indique tr\u00e8s justement qui sont les principaux b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires du m\u00e9canisme. <\/span>L\u2019essentiel des risques financiers li\u00e9s au projet seraient port\u00e9s par les agences de d\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/b> alors que les entreprises et acteurs financiers priv\u00e9s seront incit\u00e9es \u00e0 participer au m\u00e9canisme en raison des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9conomiques et financiers qu\u2019ils en tireront. <\/span><\/p>\n

Mais quid des salari\u00e9s et des bassins d\u2019emploi autour de ces centrales ? Rien n\u2019est dit des aides qui leur seront pourtant n\u00e9cessaire pour se reconvertir, ni d\u2019\u00e0 qui va incomber cette responsabilit\u00e9. Pour l\u2019instant, rien n\u2019est dit non plus sur la remise en \u00e9tat des lieux et sur qui paiera la facture li\u00e9e aux pollutions caus\u00e9es par l\u2019op\u00e9ration des centrales.<\/span><\/p>\n

En conclusion, il est trop t\u00f4t pour trancher sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 du processus<\/span> et une seule certitude demeure : les acteurs financiers impliqu\u00e9s ne sont en rien devenus des d\u00e9fenseurs du climat <\/span>et toute communication de leur part visant \u00e0 se servir<\/span> de ce m\u00e9canisme pour faire valoir leur engagement dans la lutte contre le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique <\/span>ne saurait \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e que <\/span>comme <\/span>un<\/span>e<\/span> vaste op\u00e9ration<\/span> de greenwashing tant <\/span>qu\u2019ils <\/span>soutiennent financi\u00e8rement l<\/span>\u2019expansion du secteur du charbon <\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":9175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[48,40,397,299],"acteurs_financiers":[],"thematique":[2278,2415],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-14441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-blackrock","tag-climat","tag-politique-charbon","tag-sortir-du-charbon","thematique-charbon-fr-fr","thematique-energies-fossiles"],"yoast_head":"\nRacheter des centrales \u00e0 charbon pour le climat ? - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un nouveau m\u00e9canisme des acteurs financiers priv\u00e9s vise \u00e0\u00a0acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la fermeture de centrales \u00e0 charbon en Asie. 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