{"id":14666,"date":"2021-08-24T09:59:55","date_gmt":"2021-08-24T07:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=14666"},"modified":"2023-02-08T16:13:25","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T15:13:25","slug":"avant-jackson-hole-les-banques-centrales-toujours-fans-des-energies-fossiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/08\/24\/avant-jackson-hole-les-banques-centrales-toujours-fans-des-energies-fossiles\/","title":{"rendered":"Avant Jackson Hole, les banques centrales toujours fans des \u00e9nergies fossiles"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le vendredi 27 ao\u00fbt, le <\/span><\/span>sommet de Jackson Hole<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u> <\/u>r\u00e9unira<\/span> les banquiers centraux pour discuter des grands d\u00e9fis \u00e9conomiques et financiers. Quelques jours avant ce sommet, <\/span>un nouveau rapport<\/a><\/u><\/span> r\u00e9v<\/span>\u00e8le que les principales banques centrales participantes <\/span>soutiennent<\/span><\/span> les entreprises des \u00e9nergies fossiles, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 la crise climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> Alors que les \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques extr\u00eames et les nouveaux avertissements du GIEC devraient les pousser \u00e0 <\/span><\/b>changer<\/span><\/b> d’urgence <\/span><\/b>de<\/span><\/b> politique, il est probable que les banques centrales s’en tien<\/span><\/b>nent<\/span><\/b> \u00e0 leurs vieilles habitudes<\/span><\/b> et re<\/span><\/b>fusent<\/span><\/b> d’utiliser les outils \u00e0 leur disposition pour<\/span><\/b> mettre fin \u00e0 la fr\u00e9n\u00e9sie des <\/span><\/b>\u00e9nergies<\/span><\/b> fossiles.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>

Comme c’est le cas depuis 1982, banquiers centraux, \u00e9conomistes et r\u00e9gulateurs les plus puissants du monde se r\u00e9unissent au sommet de Jackson Hole pour discuter des principaux d\u00e9fis de politiques \u00e9conomiques.<\/span> Comme les ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, ce \u00ab\u00a0symposium\u00a0\u00bb, qui a historiquement \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l’origine de changements majeurs en mati\u00e8re de politique mon\u00e9taire, sera suivi de pr\u00e8s par les journalistes et les analystes d\u00e9sireux de d\u00e9celer les futures tendances. <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Le symposium de cette ann\u00e9e, qui se tient virtuellement le 27 ao\u00fbt, sera l’occasion de prendre le pouls des banques centrales en cette deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de Covid-19. Le th\u00e8me principal \u00e9tant <\/span>Macroeconomic in an uneven economy<\/span><\/i> (\u00ab\u00a0La politique macro\u00e9conomique dans une \u00e9conomie in\u00e9gale\u00a0\u00bb), il ne fait aucun doute que la question de la lutte contre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans un contexte de reprise, tout en surveillant l’inflation et en garantissant la stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, y figurera en bonne place. <\/span><\/p>\n

Mais, alors que des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques extr\u00eames se produisent partout, accentuant les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales et \u00e9conomiques et renfor\u00e7ant les risques financiers, la grande question reste de savoir si le changement climatique sera lui aussi au centre de ce sommet qui fait largement office de \u00ab\u00a0G7\u00a0\u00bb pour les banques centrales. <\/span><\/b>Le <\/span>r\u00e9cent rapport du GIEC<\/span><\/a><\/u> est tr\u00e8s clair : l’incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 limiter le r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te \u00e0 1,5\u00b0C entra\u00eenerait des cons\u00e9quences dramatiques pour notre environnement, nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et nos \u00e9conomies. L’impact du changement climatique – m\u00eame s’il est maintenu \u00e0 1,5\u00b0C – sera mondial, avec des effets d\u00e9stabilisants qui vont bien au-del\u00e0 de ceux de la pand\u00e9mie actuelle. Pour dire les choses clairement : une \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9conomie in\u00e9gale\u00a0\u00bb sera le dernier de nos soucis si nous n’agissons pas de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9cisive contre le changement climatique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est certain que le changement climatique a trouv\u00e9 sa place dans l’agenda des banques centrales qui le reconnaissent de plus en plus comme une source de risque financier et un facteur \u00e0 prendre en compte dans les futures politiques mon\u00e9taires et prudentielles. M\u00eame la R\u00e9serve f\u00e9d\u00e9rale am\u00e9ricaine, traditionnellement tr\u00e8s conservatrice sur la question et dont la branche de Kansas City organise le sommet de Jackson Hole, a r\u00e9cemment pris conscience de l\u2019enjeu. <\/span>Cependant, les banques centrales se contentent pour l\u2019instant de parler sans agir. Comme l’a montr\u00e9 le <\/span><\/b>Green Central Banking Scorecard<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a><\/u> publi\u00e9 par Positive Money, les banques centrales du G20 n’ont pas revu leur politique mon\u00e9taire ou prudentielle pour lutter contre le changement climatique. <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

En fait, les banques centrales continuent de soutenir les industries polluantes, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation des \u00e9missions de carbone.<\/span> Alors que l’alignement sur l’Accord de Paris implique <\/span><\/b>une r\u00e9duction drastique de la production d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossile<\/span><\/b>s<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/u> et – <\/span><\/b>comme le souligne l’Agence internationale de l’\u00e9nergie (AIE)<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/u> \u2013 l\u2019arr\u00eat des projets d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles, un nouveau rapport d’Oil Change International<\/a><\/u>, soutenu par Reclaim Finance et 20 autres organisations, r\u00e9v\u00e8le que les grandes banques centrales n’utilisent pas les outils \u00e0 leur disposition pour d\u00e9tourner les flux financiers de l’industrie des \u00e9nergies fossiles. Au contraire, elles contribuent \u00e0 lui fournir un financement abondant et bon march\u00e9.<\/span><\/b>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Comme le souligne le rapport<\/a><\/u>,<\/span> les banques centrales pourraient freiner le financement des \u00e9nergies fossiles en excluant les entreprises de ce secteur de leurs achats d’actifs – qu’ils soient effectu\u00e9s \u00e0 des fins mon\u00e9taires ou non -, en poussant les banques commerciales \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leurs services financiers \u00e0 ces entreprises ou en utilisant leur r\u00f4le de r\u00e9gulateur pour d\u00e9courager ceux-ci. <\/span><\/b>Notons que<\/span> la <\/span><\/b>Banque d’Angleterre<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/u> et la <\/span><\/b>Banque Centrale Europ\u00e9enne<\/span><\/b><\/a><\/u> (BCE) envisagent toutes deux d’aligner une partie de leurs achats d’actifs sur l’Accord de Paris mais n’ont pas encore pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 ce que cela signifierait pour les entreprises des \u00e9nergies fossiles. <\/span><\/b>Si elles n’adoptent pas de politiques fortes dans le domaine, excluant notamment toute entreprise d\u00e9veloppant un projet d\u2019\u00e9nergie fossile, leurs initiatives serait simplement du <\/span>greenwashing<\/span><\/i> (\u00ab\u202f\u00e9coblanchiment\u202f\u00bb). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

Quelques semaines apr\u00e8s la publication du dernier rapport du GIEC et quelques mois avant la COP26, le sommet de Jackson Hole pourrait \u00eatre le moment o\u00f9 les banques centrales font face au probl\u00e8me climatique et <\/span>deviennent une partie de la solution en d\u00e9tournant les flux financiers des \u00e9nergies<\/span><\/strong> fossiles. <\/span>Les vieilles habitudes ont la vie dure et <\/span>il est fort probable que <\/span>les banques centrales se contentent<\/span> d\u2019<\/span><\/span>un<\/span> non-dit climatique et se concentre<\/span>nt<\/span> sur le contexte actuel et les ajustements de <\/span>la<\/span> politique<\/span>s<\/span><\/span> mon\u00e9taire<\/span>s<\/span> li\u00e9s. <\/span>Mais elles pourraient aussi se montrer \u00e0 la hauteur de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement en coupant les ponts avec le financement des \u00e9nergies fossiles. C’est \u00e0 elles d\u2019en d\u00e9cider.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":14662,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[42,73,74,1342,1100,1346,1348],"acteurs_financiers":[2403],"thematique":[],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-14666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-bce","tag-banque-dangleterre","tag-banque-de-france","tag-banques-centrales","tag-cop26-fr","tag-ipcc-fr","tag-jackson-hole-summit-fr","acteurs_financiers-regulateurs-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nAvant Jackson Hole, les banques centrales toujours fans des \u00e9nergies fossiles - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un nouveau rapport d'Oil Change International r\u00e9v\u00e8le que les principales banques centrales continuent \u00e0 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