{"id":20507,"date":"2022-04-25T12:51:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T10:51:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=20507"},"modified":"2023-03-28T18:40:28","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T16:40:28","slug":"bce-une-strategie-climat-pour-rien-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2022\/04\/25\/bce-une-strategie-climat-pour-rien-2\/","title":{"rendered":"BCE : une strat\u00e9gie climat pour rien ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

La toute premi\u00e8re<\/span> strat\u00e9gie<\/span> climatique de la <\/span>Banque Centrale Europ\u00e9enne (BCE)<\/span>, d\u00e9voil\u00e9e en 2021, marque un <\/span>tournant <\/span>dans la politique mon\u00e9taire <\/span>europ\u00e9enne<\/span>. <\/span>Pourtant<\/span>, si le changement climatique est d\u00e9sormais un \u00e9l\u00e9ment incontournable <\/span>dans le discours d<\/span>es banquiers centraux de l’Eurosyst\u00e8me, la feuille de route <\/span>de la BCE <\/span>est loin de soutenir la transition <\/span><\/span>\u00e9cologique europ\u00e9enne et ne coupe m\u00eame pas ses soutiens aux entreprises qui creusent de nouvelles mines de charbon ou de nouveaux puits de p\u00e9trole et de gaz. Restant sourd \u00e0 l’urgence climatique et \u00e0 la crise des prix de l’\u00e9nergie, la BCE pr\u00e9f\u00e8re se consacrer \u00e0 prendre en compte les risques financiers que le changement climatique peut engendrer. Reclaim Finance et 16 ONG pr\u00e9sentent<\/span> des recommandations cl\u00e9s<\/a><\/u> p<\/span>our tirer parti de la feuille de route climatique de la BCE et prendre r\u00e9ellement en compte le changement climatique dans <\/span>s<\/span>es op\u00e9rations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

En juillet 2021, apr\u00e8s un long processus de r\u00e9vision, la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne (BCE) a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une \u00ab\u00a0feuille de route climatique\u00a0\u00bb. Elle marque un changement majeur dans la r\u00e9flexion des banques centrales, mais ne r\u00e9pond pas \u00e0 l’urgence climatique. Les mesures qu’elle contient <\/span>mettront des ann\u00e9es \u00e0 produire leurs effets et ont une port\u00e9e limit\u00e9e<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

La BCE <\/span>n’a m\u00eame pas coup\u00e9 son soutien<\/a><\/u><\/span> – par le biais d’achats d’actifs et de l’acceptation dans la liste des garanties – aux entreprises les plus polluantes, notamment celles qui d\u00e9veloppent de nouveaux projets de production d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles. Alors qu’elle finalisait et publiait sa feuille de route sur le climat, la BCE <\/span>continuait d’acheter les obligations de cinq grands groupes p\u00e9troliers et gaziers europ\u00e9ens<\/a><\/u><\/span> dans le cadre de ses mesures Covid. Cela l’a amen\u00e9e \u00e0 acheter pour <\/span>un montant estim\u00e9 de 80 milliards d’euros d’obligations d’entreprises tr\u00e8s \u00e9mettrices de CO2<\/a><\/u><\/span> entre mars 2020 et septembre 2021, dont 15,3 milliards d’euros d’obligations li\u00e9es aux \u00e9nergies fossiles.<\/span><\/p>\n

En outre, la feuille de route de la BCE <\/span>ne contient aucune mesure<\/a><\/u><\/span> aidant l’UE \u00e0 atteindre ses objectifs climatiques et \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer sa d\u00e9carbonisation. Il s’agit d’une faille critique \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 l\u2019UE se d\u00e9m\u00e8ne pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 la crise des prix de l’\u00e9nergie et pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer sa transition \u00e9cologique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sur ce constat, Reclaim Finance et 16 partenaires ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 un briefing demandant \u00e0 la BCE de soutenir la transition vers une \u00e9conomie \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone et d’int\u00e9grer pleinement les impacts et les risques climatiques dans toutes ses op\u00e9rations. Ce document fait \u00e9cho \u00e0 la <\/span>demande des citoyens europ\u00e9ens<\/span><\/a> qui ont pouss\u00e9 la BCE \u00e0 adopter une approche audacieuse en r\u00e9ponse au changement climatique et \u00e0 <\/span>cesser imm\u00e9diatement de soutenir les entreprises des \u00e9nergies fossiles<\/a><\/u><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

Les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile proposent <\/span>quatre principes que la BCE doit suivre pour construire un syst\u00e8me mon\u00e9taire plus juste, plus durable et plus d\u00e9mocratique<\/span><\/b> :<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Agir sur la base de son obligation l\u00e9gale de soutenir les politiques \u00e9conomiques g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de l’UE, comme indiqu\u00e9 dans son mandat secondaire en vertu des trait\u00e9s de l’UE ;<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
  2. Suivre les d\u00e9cideurs politiques europ\u00e9en en reconnaissant et en adoptant le principe de la double mat\u00e9rialit\u00e9 des risques climatiques ;<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
  3. Mettre en \u0153uvre des mesures \u00e0 impact imm\u00e9diat pour aligner toutes ses op\u00e9rations sur une trajectoire de 1,5\u00b0C, en adoptant une approche de pr\u00e9caution et en utilisant les donn\u00e9es existantes ;<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
  4. Travailler pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, en am\u00e9liorant les \u00e9changes avec les citoyens et en augmentant la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique. <\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    L’acceptation de ces principes implique la mise en \u0153uvre d’un ensemble de <\/span>cinq mesures urgentes pour mettre la politique mon\u00e9taire en conformit\u00e9 avec l’Accord de Paris et les objectifs de l’UE : <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Remplacer le principe de \u00a0\u00bb neutralit\u00e9 du march\u00e9 \u00a0\u00bb par un nouveau principe qui s’aligne sur les objectifs environnementaux de l’UE ;<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
    2. D\u00e9carboner les programmes d’assouplissement quantitatif (quantitative easing) et les garanties que la BCE accepte des banques, notamment en excluant les entreprises qui d\u00e9veloppent de nouveaux projets de production d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles ;<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
    3. Ajuster les op\u00e9rations de pr\u00eat de la BCE aux banques afin qu’elles soutiennent la transition verte ;<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
    4. Prendre en compte les crit\u00e8res climatiques et environnementaux dans la notation du cr\u00e9dit ;<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
    5. Dans son r\u00f4le de superviseur de la stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, soutenir les mesures visant \u00e0 orienter l’argent vers des activit\u00e9s vertes.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
      BRIEFING (en anglais)<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":8427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[42,1010,506,751],"acteurs_financiers":[2403],"thematique":[2415],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-20507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-bce","tag-politique-monetaire","tag-politique-prudentielle","tag-ue","acteurs_financiers-regulateurs-fr","thematique-energies-fossiles"],"yoast_head":"\nBCE : une strat\u00e9gie climat pour rien ? - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"17 ONG pr\u00e9sentent leurs recommandations pour aller au-del\u00e0 de la premi\u00e8re strat\u00e9gie climatique de la BCE et int\u00e9grer l'urgence climatique.\" \/>\n<meta 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