{"id":22175,"date":"2022-06-27T15:27:12","date_gmt":"2022-06-27T13:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=22175"},"modified":"2025-07-01T11:04:19","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T09:04:19","slug":"une-electricite-europeenne-issue-a-plus-de-90-des-renouvelables-possible-des-2035","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2022\/06\/27\/une-electricite-europeenne-issue-a-plus-de-90-des-renouvelables-possible-des-2035\/","title":{"rendered":"Une \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne issue \u00e0 plus de 90% des renouvelables possible d\u00e8s 2035"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alors que la grande majorit\u00e9 des acteurs financiers continue de consid\u00e9rer le gaz fossile comme une \u00e9nergie de transition, le nouveau rapport New Generation, Building a clean European electricity system by 2035 (1)<\/a><\/u><\/em><\/span> du think tank<\/em> ind\u00e9pendant EMBER confirme le besoin de sortir le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique europ\u00e9en de sa d\u00e9pendance au gaz d\u00e8s 2035 pour ne pas menacer l\u2019atteinte de ses objectifs climatiques. Cette \u00e9tude pr\u00e9sente un sc\u00e9nario permettant d\u2019atteindre en Europe une \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 issue \u00e0 plus de 90% des \u00e9nergies renouvelables d\u00e8s 2035 \u00e0 trois conditions : sortir du charbon d\u00e8s 2030, abandonner le gaz \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2035 et intensifier le d\u00e9ploiement du solaire et de l\u2019\u00e9olien.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/span>

Pas de nouveaux projets de centrales \u00e0 charbon et \u00e0 gaz en Europe<\/h2><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Alors que l\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie (AIE) fait de la neutralit\u00e9 carbone du syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique europ\u00e9en en 2035 un jalon cl\u00e9 du net zero<\/em> 2050, cette nouvelle \u00e9tude d\u2019EMBER conclut que cet objectif requiert de ne plus d\u00e9velopper de nouveaux projets de centrale \u00e0 combustible fossile<\/a><\/u> d\u00e8s aujourd\u2019hui; une conclusion \u00e9galement appuy\u00e9e par le sixi\u00e8me rapport du Groupe d\u2019experts intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) publi\u00e9 en 2022. Or, les projets de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 gaz \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude sont encore bien trop nombreux et pourraient se mat\u00e9rialiser, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le rapport d\u2019EMBER, par plus de 60 GW d\u2019actifs \u00e9chou\u00e9s (stranded assets<\/em>). Le d\u00e9veloppement de ces projets menace donc non seulement la transition europ\u00e9enne mais aussi sa stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et financi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/span>

Progresser dans la sortie des \u00e9nergies fossiles dans un contexte de crise \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/h2><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Renoncer \u00e0 de nouveaux projets de centrales \u00e0 combustible fossile et passer de plus de 40% de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par la combustion d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles \u00e0 z\u00e9ro en 2035 est possible, y compris dans le contexte actuel. A l\u2019urgence climatique s’ajoutent aujourd\u2019hui des questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en Europe dans le contexte dramatique de la guerre en Ukraine, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que le gaz fossile russe constituait 40% des importations de gaz de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne en 2021. Le rapport d\u2019EMBER d\u00e9montre qu\u2019il est possible de substituer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 fossile une \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 issue des renouvelables, et cette sortie des \u00e9nergies fossiles est essentielle pour garantir \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de son syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique, la fin \u00e0 tout soutien \u00e0 des r\u00e9gimes autocratiques ainsi que l\u2019atteinte des objectifs climatiques qu\u2019elle s\u2019est fix\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/span>

Des jalons cl\u00e9s pour atteindre une \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 90% renouvelable en Europe en 2035<\/h2><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pour atteindre cet objectif de plus de 90% d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 issue de sources renouvelables en 2035 (dont 80% gr\u00e2ce au solaire et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9olien uniquement), les auteurs du rapport soulignent une condition essentielle : entre 2025 et 2035, le rythme de d\u00e9ploiement de l\u2019\u00e9olien et du solaire doit quadrupler. En 2035, la capacit\u00e9 totale de l\u2019\u00e9olien atteindra ainsi plus de 800 GW et celle du solaire sera sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1400 GW. Sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, la sortie du charbon doit se faire en 2030 et celle du gaz \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2035.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/span>

R\u00e9orienter les flux financiers des \u00e9nergies fossiles vers les renouvelables<\/h2><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Mais cela ne sera possible que si les \u00e9nergies renouvelables disposent des financements requis. Si un investissement initial suppl\u00e9mentaire de 750 milliards d\u2019euros est n\u00e9cessaire, l’abandon des combustibles fossiles co\u00fbteux au profit d’un syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique reposant sur des sources renouvelables permettra \u00e0 l’Europe d’\u00e9conomiser environ 1000 milliards d’euros d’ici \u00e0 2035, sans compter les nombreux avantages pour le climat, la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

Pour ne pas mettre en p\u00e9ril la transition europ\u00e9enne, les flux financiers priv\u00e9s doivent d\u00e8s aujourd\u2019hui \u00eatre r\u00e9orient\u00e9s des \u00e9nergies fossiles vers les \u00e9nergies renouvelables afin de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins d\u2019investissement du secteur.<\/p>\n<\/div>

Afin de ne pas menacer la transition europ\u00e9enne, il est ainsi essentiel que les acteurs financiers cessent de soutenir les nouveaux projets de centrales \u00e0 gaz en Europe ainsi que les entreprises impliqu\u00e9es dans leur d\u00e9veloppement. En substitution des soutiens aux \u00e9nergies fossiles, le d\u00e9ploiement des sources d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 renouvelables doit \u00eatre soutenu par l\u2019adoption d\u2019objectifs chiffr\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9ch\u00e9ances d\u2019augmentation de financements aux \u00e9nergies renouvelables. <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>
Voir le rapport<\/span><\/a><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Notes<\/u><\/span> :<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0Cette \u00e9tude s\u2019ajoute \u00e0 plusieurs sc\u00e9narios d\u00e9montrant qu\u2019un syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique s\u2019appuyant \u00e0 quasiment 100% sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables est faisable et fiable, dont le One Earth Climate Model<\/a><\/u><\/em>, le Paris Agreement Compatible Scenarios for Energy Infrastructure<\/a><\/u><\/em> de CAN Europe et du European Environmental Bureau<\/em> ou encore le 1.5\u00b0C Pathways for Europe<\/em><\/a><\/u> de Climate Analytics<\/em>. A travers une mod\u00e9lisation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectrique, pays par pays et heure par heure, ce nouveau rapport confirme la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9carboner presque totalement le secteur \u00e9lectrique europ\u00e9en d’ici 2035, tout en d\u00e9veloppant l’offre d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":22178,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"acteurs_financiers":[],"thematique":[2281],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-22175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","thematique-energies-renouvelables-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nUne \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne issue \u00e0 plus de 90% des renouvelables possible d\u00e8s 2035 - Reclaim 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