{"id":26728,"date":"2023-02-15T18:01:36","date_gmt":"2023-02-15T17:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=26728"},"modified":"2023-02-16T10:06:52","modified_gmt":"2023-02-16T09:06:52","slug":"lautorite-des-marches-financiers-appelle-a-lexclusion-des-energies-fossiles-des-fonds-durables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2023\/02\/15\/lautorite-des-marches-financiers-appelle-a-lexclusion-des-energies-fossiles-des-fonds-durables\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers appelle \u00e0 l\u2019exclusion des \u00e9nergies fossiles des fonds durables"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le 10 f\u00e9vrier 2023, l’Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers (AMF) a publi\u00e9 un papier de position (1) proposant des crit\u00e8res minimaux qu\u2019un produit financier devrait satisfaire afin d\u2019\u00eatre class\u00e9 dans les cat\u00e9gories \u201cArticle 9\u201d ou \u201cArticle 8\u201d selon la r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne <\/b>Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation<\/i><\/b> (SFDR). Cette prise de position est la bienvenue pour pr\u00e9ciser la conception de la \u201cdurabilit\u00e9\u201d car l\u2019AMF appelle d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 une exclusion des \u00e9nergies fossiles des fonds durables.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>

Une avanc\u00e9e dans la lutte contre le greenwashing<\/h2><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Entr\u00e9e en vigueur en 2021, la r\u00e9glementation SFDR vise \u00e0 encadrer la publication d’informations des acteurs financiers et de leurs fonds, notamment pour les fonds avec des pr\u00e9tentions ESG. N’ayant pas pr\u00e9vu d’exigences minimales pour qualifier le degr\u00e9 de durabilit\u00e9 des produits financiers, la mise en \u0153uvre de SFDR a laiss\u00e9 place au greenwashing. En novembre dernier, alors qu\u2019un consortium de m\u00e9dias publiait une enqu\u00eate r\u00e9v\u00e9lant la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019entreprises tr\u00e8s polluantes dans les fonds d\u00e9clar\u00e9s durables par les gestionnaires d\u2019actifs europ\u00e9ens<\/a><\/span> – dont les fran\u00e7ais Amundi, AXA IM et BNP Paribas (2) – Reclaim Finance demandait aux r\u00e9gulateurs d\u2019agir – dont l\u2019AMF – pour mettre fin \u00e0 ces pratiques. L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne des march\u00e9s financiers (ESMA) avait d\u2019ailleurs appel\u00e9 les r\u00e9gulateurs nationaux \u00e0 proc\u00e9der eux-m\u00eames \u00e0 des v\u00e9rifications pour emp\u00eacher le greenwashing (3).<\/p>\n

En appelant d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l’exclusion des \u00e9nergies fossiles des fonds dits \u00ab\u00a0durables\u00a0\u00bb, cette prise de position repr\u00e9sente une avanc\u00e9e importante dans la bataille contre le greenwashing des acteurs financiers et fait de l\u2019AMF le premier r\u00e9gulateur national en Europe a prendre une position publique aussi explicite.<\/p>\n<\/div>

Des propositions d\u2019exclusion \u00e0 clarifier<\/h2><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

La position de l\u2019AMF laisse cependant des impr\u00e9cisions qu\u2019il conviendra de lever pour supprimer tout risque de greenwashing.<\/p>\n

Pour les fonds Article 9 (i.e. les fonds qui ont un objectif d\u2019investissement durable), l\u2019AMF propose d’exclure toutes les activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 des infrastructures fossiles, \u00e0 l\u2019exception d\u2019un nombre tr\u00e8s faible de centrales \u00e0 gaz et d\u2019infrastructures de transport. Les exclusions se faisant au niveau des entreprises, et non des activit\u00e9s, il faudra clarifier si cette exclusion concerne bien l\u2019ensemble des entreprises qui ont des activit\u00e9s fossiles non align\u00e9es avec la taxonomie de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne. L\u2019impr\u00e9cision de la formulation actuelle laisse place \u00e0 un risque : si ce point n\u2019est pas clarifi\u00e9 par l\u2019AMF, de nombreuses entreprises pourraient passer \u00e0 travers les mailles du filet, notamment si l\u2019exclusion ne s\u2019appliquerait par exemple qu\u2019\u00e0 certaines filiales et non au niveau de la maison-m\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Pour les fonds Article 8 (i.e. les fonds qui promeuvent l\u2019ESG), l\u2019AMF propose des exclusions plus l\u00e9g\u00e8res. Les entreprises fossiles pourraient s\u2019y trouver \u00e0 condition d\u2019avoir un \u201cplan de transition convainquant\u201d, qui devrait \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019un plan de fermeture des actifs fossiles. La pertinence de cette proposition d\u00e9pendra des informations obligatoires qui devront s\u2019y trouver. En effet, ces plans devront \u00eatre suffisamment pr\u00e9cis pour permettre leur \u00e9valuation et exclure le d\u00e9veloppement de nouvelles infrastructures de production ou de transport d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles. Il faudra notamment y inclure des indicateurs sur la r\u00e9partition des CAPEX de l\u2019entreprise et sur la baisse de la production d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles \u00e0 court terme, condition sine qua non<\/i> pour s\u2019engager vers la fermeture des actifs.<\/p>\n

Enfin, l\u2019AMF recommande \u00e9galement que des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur l\u2019engagement r\u00e9alis\u00e9 au niveau du fonds soient publi\u00e9es. Ici encore, l\u2019utilit\u00e9 d\u2019une telle mesure pour lutter contre le greenwashing d\u00e9pendra de la pertinence des informations demand\u00e9es aux acteurs financiers. A minima, la publication des votes et des demandes pr\u00e9cises adress\u00e9es aux entreprises en portefeuille permettrait de r\u00e9duire le risque de greenwashing.<\/p>\n<\/div>

Bien que la proposition de l\u2019AMF laisse des impr\u00e9cisions qui devront \u00eatre lev\u00e9es afin d\u2019\u00e9viter tout greenwashing, cette publication reste une avanc\u00e9e concr\u00e8te. C\u2019est d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 la Commission europ\u00e9enne de prendre le relais pour assurer que les entreprises d\u00e9veloppant de nouveaux projets d’\u00e9nergies fossiles ne puissent pas avoir leur place dans les fonds vendus comme \u201cdurables\u201d aux investisseurs.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Notes:<\/h3><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
    \n
  1. Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers, Proposition de crit\u00e8res minimaux environnementaux pour les produits financiers des cat\u00e9gories Art.9 et Art.8 de SFDR<\/a><\/span>, f\u00e9vrier 2023.<\/li>\n
  2. Le Monde, \u201cLa grande tromperie des fonds d\u2019investissement \u00ab verts \u00bb<\/a><\/span>\u201d, novembre 2022. Voir aussi les r\u00e9sultats complets sur le site de Follow The Money, The Great Green Investment Investigation<\/a><\/span>, 2022.<\/li>\n
  3. ESMA, Supervisory briefing \u2013 Sustainability risks and disclosures in the area of investment management<\/a><\/span>, 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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