{"id":2862,"date":"2020-05-05T21:51:36","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T19:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=2862"},"modified":"2023-03-03T16:30:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-03T15:30:58","slug":"une-flopee-de-nouvelles-politiques-de-banques-internationales-sur-le-charbon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2020\/05\/05\/une-flopee-de-nouvelles-politiques-de-banques-internationales-sur-le-charbon\/","title":{"rendered":"Une flop\u00e9e de nouvelles politiques de banques internationales sur le charbon"},"content":{"rendered":"

De nombreuses banques internationales ont mis \u00e0 jour leur politique charbon ces derni\u00e8res semaines. Leur point commun pour la majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre elles : elles concernent uniquement la pointe \u00e9merg\u00e9e de l\u2019iceberg, le financement direct aux projets de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon, mais pas la partie immerg\u00e9e, le financement indirect aux entreprises actives dans le charbon. Passage en revue des derni\u00e8res annonces: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Absa Bank<\/span><\/p>\n

La banque sud-africaine a annonc\u00e9 le 16 avril la mise \u00e0 jour<\/a><\/u> de sa politique charbon. Celle-ci met un terme au financement de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon\u2026 \u00e0 l\u2019exception de \u201ccirconstances att\u00e9nuantes\u201d qu\u2019elle ne d\u00e9crit pas pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment. Absa Bank va donc moins loin que sa consoeure Nedbank qui a arr\u00eat\u00e9 ce type de financement, sans exceptions. Et elle s\u2019abstient surtout de toute restriction de ses financements aux entreprises du secteur, \u00e0 commencer par les deux d\u00e9veloppeurs de centrales \u00e0 charbon Eskom et First Quantum Minerals qu\u2019elle a soutenu \u00e0 hauteur de <\/u>1,6 milliard<\/u> de dollars entre 2017 et septembre 2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mizuho et SMBC<\/span><\/p>\n

Le 15 avril, la banque japonaise Mizuho annon\u00e7ait <\/u><\/u>la mise \u00e0 jour<\/u> annuelle<\/a> de sa politique charbon, avec l\u00e0 aussi la fin des financements de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon\u2026 \u00e0 l\u2019exception du remplacement d\u2019anciennes centrales par de nouvelles dans les pays o\u00f9 elles sont \u201cessentielles\u201d pour l\u2019approvisionnement en \u00e9nergie. Ainsi que pour les projets d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours de n\u00e9gociation, comme c\u2019est le cas pour plusieurs projets en Asie du Sud-Est. En compl\u00e9ment, Mizuho s\u2019engage \u00e9galement \u00e0 r\u00e9duire de 50% son exposition aux centrales \u00e0 charbon d\u2019ici 2030 et \u00e0 z\u00e9ro d\u2019ici 2050. Cette derni\u00e8re date est 10 ans trop tard pour respecter l\u2019objectif de 1,5\u00b0C de l\u2019Accord de Paris, mais surtout cet engagement ne couvre pas les financements d\u2019entreprises du secteur du charbon, de loin les plus importants.<\/p>\n

Une autre banque g\u00e9ante japonaise, SMBC, a \u00e9galement fait <\/u><\/u>une annonce<\/u> similaire le 16 avril mais avec cette fois de plus grosses exceptions puisqu\u2019elle pourra toujours financer directement de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon ultra-supercritiques, en plus de celles d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours de n\u00e9gociation.<\/p>\n

L\u2019absence d\u2019exclusion stricte concernant les projets de centrales \u00e0 charbon, et celle de toute restriction concernant les financements d\u2019entreprises actives dans le secteur du charbon t\u00e9moigne du retard pr\u00e9occupant des banques japonaises sur leurs conseures occidentales. Mizuho et SMBC ont pourtant financ\u00e9 des dizaines de d\u00e9veloppeurs de centrales \u00e0 charbon \u00e0 hauteur respectivement de 31<\/a><\/u> et <\/u><\/u>19,2 milliards<\/u> de dollars<\/a> entre 2017 et septembre 2019, ce qui en fait les premier et troisi\u00e8me pr\u00eateurs au monde \u00e0 ce type d\u2019entreprises.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

HSBC<\/span><\/p>\n

La fin de la s\u00e9quence ouverte au printemps 2018 concernant HSBC est la plus belle illustration de ce d\u00e9calage. La banque britannique \u00e9tait la derni\u00e8re grande banque europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 ne pas avoir mis d\u00e9finitivement un terme \u00e0 ses financements directs de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon, ayant laiss\u00e9 la porte ouverte \u00e0 de tels projets en Indon\u00e9sie, au Vietnam et au Bangladesh. Apr\u00e8s deux ans de controverses, ce sont ces exceptions, qui concernaient les pays pr\u00e9voyant parmi le plus de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon au monde et n\u00e9cessitant des financements \u00e9trangers internationaux, que HSBC a officiellement annul\u00e9<\/a><\/u> lors de son Assembl\u00e9e G\u00e9n\u00e9rale du 24 avril. Se contentant du minimum, sans faire la moindre annonce suppl\u00e9mentaire concernant ses financements aux entreprises actives dans le secteur du charbon comme l\u2019ont fait r\u00e9cemment ses conseures Standard Chartered, RBS et Barclays, \u00e0 quelques mois de la COP de Glasgow. HSBC a elle aussi financ\u00e9 des dizaines de d\u00e9veloppeurs de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon \u00e0 hauteur de pr\u00e8s de 8 milliards<\/u> de dollars<\/a> entre 2017 et septembre 2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Citi<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans une dynamique tr\u00e8s similaire, la banque am\u00e9ricaine Citi a \u00e9galement <\/span>mis un terme<\/u><\/span> quelques jours plus t\u00f4t, le 20 avril juste avant son AG, aux exceptions de sa politique charbon concernant le financement direct de nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon, y ajoutant l\u2019exclusion des mines de charbon. La grosse diff\u00e9rence avec HSBC, c\u2019est que Citi n\u2019a quasiment pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9 ce type de financement r\u00e9cemment puisqu\u2019il faut remonter \u00e0 2013 pour trouver sa derni\u00e8re transaction. <\/span><\/p>\n

Contrairement aux banques mentionn\u00e9es ci-dessus, la nouvelle politique charbon de Citi comporte \u00e9galement des restrictions concernant les entreprises mini\u00e8res de charbon thermique, mais celles-ci restent tr\u00e8s faibles. Si le seuil retenu de 25% des revenus issus de la production de charbon est plut\u00f4t bon, c\u2019est la d\u00e9marche retenue qui pose probl\u00e8me. En effet, au lieu d\u2019exclure imm\u00e9diatement ces entreprises, Citi repousse l\u2019\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de 5 ans et s\u2019engage en plus simplement \u00e0 diminuer son exposition de 50% d\u2019ici 2025, puis z\u00e9ro en 2030. Cette mesure est probl\u00e9matique car cette diminution de l\u2019exposition peut paradoxalement s\u2019accompagner d\u2019une hausse des flux de financements vers ces entreprises. Elle concerne en plus uniquement le secteur minier et pas le secteur de la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, alors que Citi a dirig\u00e9 <\/span>plus de 14 milliards<\/a><\/u> de dollars<\/a><\/span> vers de tr\u00e8s nombreux d\u00e9veloppeurs de centrales \u00e0 charbon entre 2017 et septembre 2019. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Westpac <\/span><\/p>\n

La derni\u00e8re annonce date du 4 mai et concerne la banque australienne Westpac. Celle-ci adopte <\/u>une approche<\/u> similaire<\/a> en s\u2019engageant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire \u00e0 z\u00e9ro son exposition aux entreprises mini\u00e8res tirant plus de 25% de leurs revenus du charbon thermique d\u2019ici 2030. Si la date limite retenue est la bonne, Westpac \u00e9tant principalement active en Australie, un membre de l\u2019OCDE, et relativement peu ailleurs dans le monde, cette approche est probl\u00e9matique. Elle ne peut en effet constituer qu\u2019un premier pas vers une strat\u00e9gie de sortie compl\u00e8te du charbon puisqu\u2019elle omet toutes les entreprises sous le seuil de 25%, qui devraient \u00e9galement \u00eatre concern\u00e9es. Mais la faille la plus b\u00e9ante dans la politique de Westpac concerne l\u2019absence d\u2019engagement \u00e0 arr\u00eater compl\u00e8tement de financer directement les projets de mines et centrales \u00e0 charbon, le tout premier pas vers la sortie du charbon.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":2863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[397,54],"acteurs_financiers":[2276],"thematique":[2278,2415],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-2862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-politique-charbon","tag-politique-sectorielle","acteurs_financiers-banques-fr","thematique-charbon-fr-fr","thematique-energies-fossiles"],"yoast_head":"\nUne flop\u00e9e de nouvelles politiques de banques internationales sur le charbon - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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