{"id":8117,"date":"2021-01-22T12:50:43","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T11:50:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=8117"},"modified":"2023-03-03T12:01:21","modified_gmt":"2023-03-03T11:01:21","slug":"mettre-fin-a-la-deforestation-le-piege-de-la-zero-deforestation-nette","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/01\/22\/mettre-fin-a-la-deforestation-le-piege-de-la-zero-deforestation-nette\/","title":{"rendered":"Mettre fin \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation : Le pi\u00e8ge de la &#8216;Z\u00e9ro d\u00e9forestation nette&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b style=\"font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\">Etant donn\u00e9 que la d\u00e9forestation repr\u00e9sente environ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/forests\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/UNFF14-BkgdStudy-SDG13-March2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\"><u>12 %<\/u><\/a> des \u00e9missions mondiales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, la protection des for\u00eats est fondamentale pour atteindre l&rsquo;objectif de 1,5 \u00b0C fix\u00e9 par l&rsquo;Accord de Paris. Pourtant, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/state-of-forests\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\"><u>la d\u00e9forestation continue d&rsquo;augmenter<\/u><\/a>,<\/b><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><b style=\"color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\">avec un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/11\/30\/world\/americas\/brazil-amazon-rainforest-deforestation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\"><u>record de d\u00e9forestation en Amazonie<\/u><\/span><\/a> atteint en 2020. <\/b><\/span><b style=\"font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing); color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\">La production de soja est l&rsquo;un des principaux moteurs de cette d\u00e9forestation, au m\u00eame titre que l&rsquo;\u00e9levage de b\u00e9tail, l\u2019augmentation de la production d\u2019huile de palme et l&rsquo;industrie du papier. Un nombre croissant d\u2019acteurs &#8211; des gouvernements aux entreprises priv\u00e9es, en passant par les institutions financi\u00e8res &#8211; ont pris des engagements de z\u00e9ro d\u00e9forestation nette, ont recours \u00e0 la compensation carbone ou se fient \u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes de certification des produits agricoles. Ces efforts peuvent sembler positifs, mais en pratique, leur efficacit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9samorcer la d\u00e9forestation est tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e et ils pourraient avoir des r\u00e9percussions plus graves que les probl\u00e8mes qu&rsquo;ils voulaient r\u00e9soudre. <\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #59bc6d;\"><b><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\">\u00ab\u202fZ\u00e9ro d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\">\u00e9forestation <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\">nette<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\">\u202f\u00bb vs \u00ab\u202fz\u00e9ro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\"> d\u00e9forestation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\">\u202f\u00bb\u202f<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\">: un <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\">simple<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW73480117 BCX0\"> mot, d&rsquo;\u00e9normes implications <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW73480117 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{'201341983':0,'335559739':160,'335559740':259}\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\">Z<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\">\u00e9ro <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\">d\u00e9forestation <\/span><\/span><u><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW158644018 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2015\/05\/what-does-it-really-mean-when-company-commits-zero-deforestation#:~:text=Zero%20Deforestation%20versus%20Zero%20Net%20Deforestation&amp;text=Zero%20deforestation%20means%20no%20forest,equal%20area%20is%20replanted%20elsewhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">signifie<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> <\/span><\/span><\/u><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 SCXW158644018 BCX0\">que<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> les zones foresti\u00e8res ne <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 SCXW158644018 BCX0\">peuvent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> pas \u00eatre <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\">d\u00e9boises<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> ou converties, tandis que la <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\">z\u00e9ro <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\">d\u00e9forestation nette <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\">inclut <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart SCXW158644018 BCX0\">la d\u00e9forestation ou la conversion des for\u00eats dans une zone<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> si une zone \u00e9quivalente est replant\u00e9e ailleurs. Si la principale critique de l&rsquo;approche de la<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> z\u00e9ro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> d\u00e9forestation est son manque de flexibilit\u00e9, la<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> z\u00e9ro<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW158644018 BCX0\"> d\u00e9forestation nette fait l&rsquo;objet de multiples critiques portant principalement sur sa mise en \u0153uvre et ses impacts. Certains affirment m\u00eame que les pratiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 des engagements de z\u00e9ro d\u00e9forestation nette sont frauduleuses. <a href=\"https:\/\/forest500.org\/sites\/default\/files\/achievingzeronetdeforestation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Des entreprises<\/u><\/a> font valoir des engagements \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger des for\u00eats qui n\u2019\u00e9taient pas menac\u00e9es, ou \u00e9chouent \u00e0 donner des garanties suffisantes quant \u00e0 leur capacit\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger r\u00e9ellement celles qui le seraient.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\">Toutefois, le probl\u00e8me sous-jacent de la z\u00e9ro d\u00e9forestation nette vient de l\u2019absence de d\u00e9finition, voire l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019accorder sur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2015\/05\/what-does-it-really-mean-when-company-commits-zero-deforestation#:~:text=Zero%20Deforestation%20versus%20Zero%20Net%20Deforestation&amp;text=Zero%20deforestation%20means%20no%20forest,equal%20area%20is%20replanted%20elsewhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>un langage commun<\/u><\/a> et une m\u00eame compr\u00e9hension des enjeux : comment d\u00e9finir la for\u00eat, la perte de for\u00eat, la d\u00e9forestation et m\u00eame les arbres.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\"> \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que la <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\">z\u00e9ro <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW90334208 BCX0\">d\u00e9forestation nette permet de cr\u00e9er de nouvelles for\u00eats &#8211; naturelles ou plant\u00e9es &#8211; pour compenser th\u00e9oriquement la perte de for\u00eats, il serait n\u00e9cessaire de d\u00e9finir et de mesurer ce qui serait une \u00ab\u00a0superficie \u00e9quivalente\u00a0\u00bb d&rsquo;une for\u00eat \u00e0 compenser.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\">Il faut tenir compte du fait que les for\u00eats indig\u00e8nes et les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels stockent de grandes quantit\u00e9s de \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW89026230 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/engagethechain.org\/investor-guide-deforestation-and-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\"><u>carbone irr\u00e9cup\u00e9rable<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\">\u00ab\u00a0, un carbone qui, une fois lib\u00e9r\u00e9 par la destruction des for\u00eats, ne peut <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\">pas <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\">\u00eatre restaur\u00e9 assez rapidement pour pr\u00e9venir les pires effets du changement climatique. En outre, ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes jouent un r\u00f4le fondamental en tant qu&rsquo;habitats pour de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces, fournissent des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires &#8211; <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\">comme la r\u00e9gulation de l&rsquo;eau et d<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\">e la m\u00e9t\u00e9o<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\">&#8211; et ont une valeur culturelle essentielle. Toutes ces fonctions ne peuvent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\"> pas<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW89026230 BCX0\"> \u00eatre remplac\u00e9es par des plantations.  <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW89026230 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{'201341983':0,'335551550':6,'335551620':6,'335559739':160,'335559740':259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\">Comme l&rsquo;expliquent les chercheurs <\/span><\/span><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW264598248 BCX0\" href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6160\/805.summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">Brown et <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">Zarin<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\">, <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\">\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\">l<em>es objectifs nets de d\u00e9forestation assimilent, de mani\u00e8re inh\u00e9rente et erron\u00e9e, la valeur de la protection des for\u00eats indig\u00e8nes \u00e0 celle de la plantation de nouvelles for\u00eats<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0. Cela ne signifie pas que le reboisement et la restauration des for\u00eats ne sont pas positifs et ne doivent pas \u00eatre encourag\u00e9s lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont pertinents, mais plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;ils ne doivent pas \u00eatre faits pour compenser la destruction des for\u00eats naturelles<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264598248 BCX0\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW264598248 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{'201341983':0,'335551550':6,'335551620':6,'335559739':160,'335559740':259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #59bc6d;\"><b><span class=\"TextRun SCXW54372899 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW54372899 BCX0\">Les certifications ne sont pas non plus un moyen facile de sortir de la d\u00e9forestation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW54372899 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{'201341983':0,'335559739':160,'335559740':259}\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les certifications des produits agricoles ont gagn\u00e9 en popularit\u00e9 comme moyen de valider et d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9iser les efforts en vue de meilleures pratiques en termes d&rsquo;environnement et de justice sociale. Ces efforts sont appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s, mais ne sont pas une panac\u00e9e car ils pr\u00e9sentent de nombreux inconv\u00e9nients.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Concernant <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">le soja, il existe deux principaux syst\u00e8mes de certification : RTRS et <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Proterra. Le RTRS <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.solidaridadnetwork.org\/news\/responsible-soy-10-years-on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: rgb(229, 227, 227);\">est consid\u00e9r\u00e9<\/a><\/u><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> comme ayant responsabilis\u00e9 le plus les pratiques de certains producteurs de soja. Cependant, le soja RTRS reste tr\u00e8s minoritaire dans la production mondiale de soja puisque tous les sojas certifi\u00e9s, par diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9canismes, ne repr\u00e9sentent que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canopee-asso.org\/cp-soja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>1,5 % \u00e0 3 %<\/u><\/a>  de la production totale de soja. En outre, si les crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 de ces certifications peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme ambitieux<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">, ils pr\u00e9sentent encore des <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canopee-asso.org\/cp-soja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: rgb(229, 227, 227);\">faiblesses majeures<\/a><\/u><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"> : Les RTRS et Proterra<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"> permettent des monocultures \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle qui utilisent d&rsquo;\u00e9normes quantit\u00e9s de pesticides et de ressources <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">hydriques, tout en limitant les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019emploi. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">Le RTRS autorise \u00e9galement les OGM.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le RTRS a trois modalit\u00e9s de certification dont <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canopee-asso.org\/cp-soja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>une seule garantie l\u2019absence de soja d\u00e9forest\u00e9<\/u><\/a>. Ces trois modalit\u00e9s sont : la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation, le bilan massique et le bilan mat\u00e9riel du pays. Seule la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation permet de tracer et de s\u00e9parer compl\u00e8tement les flux pour garantir que 100 % du soja provient de parcelles non converties. Les deux autres modalit\u00e9s permettent au contraire un m\u00e9lange de soja certifi\u00e9 et non certifi\u00e9, contribuent \u00e0 la segmentation du march\u00e9 et ne r\u00e8glent pas le probl\u00e8me de la conversion\/d\u00e9forestation : elles sont tout simplement inefficaces. Cependant, la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation repr\u00e9sente toujours un tr\u00e8s faible volume de soja certifi\u00e9, car elle est plus co\u00fbteuse que l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me de bilan massique.  <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #59bc6d;\"><b>Conclusion <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #8ac56b;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\">Mettre fin \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation n&rsquo;est pas aussi simple que de s&rsquo;engager \u00e0 atteindre des objectifs de <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\">z\u00e9ro <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\"><b>d\u00e9forestation nette ou \u00e0 mettre en place des syst\u00e8mes de certification d<a href=\"https:\/\/forest500.org\/sites\/default\/files\/achievingzeronetdeforestation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\">u soja. <\/a>Les acteurs financiers doivent \u00eatre conscients des<\/b><\/span><\/span><b><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\"> <\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\">d\u00e9fauts<\/span><\/span><\/b><span class=\"TextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\" lang=\"FR-FR\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW111429330 BCX0\"><b> de ces syst\u00e8mes et agir en cons\u00e9quence s&rsquo;ils veulent \u00eatre pris au s\u00e9rieux dans leurs engagements concernant la biodiversit\u00e9, les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et le changement climatique. <\/b><\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW111429330 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{'201341983':0,'335551550':6,'335551620':6,'335559739':160,'335559740':259}\"><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-style: var(--body_typography-font-style,normal); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\"><b style=\"color: rgb(138, 197, 107);\">Concernant la production de soja, banques, assureurs et investisseurs doivent exiger des n\u00e9gociants de soja tels que Cargill la r\u00e9vision de leurs contrats avec les producteurs afin d\u2019y int\u00e9grer un engagement \u00e0 ne plus acheter de soja issu de sols convertis apr\u00e8s le 1er janvier 2020.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-padding-top:10px;--awb-padding-right:10px;--awb-padding-left:10px;--awb-overflow:hidden;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:#59bc6d;--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-right:1px;--awb-border-bottom:1px;--awb-border-left:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;--awb-border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p><b style=\"color: #59bc6d;\">Pour aller plus loin :<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/en\/2021\/01\/21\/measures-for-financial-institutions-to-help-stop-soya-driven-deforestation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; color: rgb(229, 227, 227);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(229, 227, 227);\">Nos deman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: rgb(229, 227, 227);\"><u>des<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/actions.sumofus.org\/a\/bnp-paribas-stop-a-la-deforestation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">P\u00e9tition BNP Paribas : stop \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2015\/05\/what-does-it-really-mean-when-company-commits-zero-deforestation#:~:text=Zero%20Deforestation%20versus%20Zero%20Net%20Deforestation&amp;text=Zero%20deforestation%20means%20no%20forest,equal%20area%20is%20replanted%20elsewhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>What does it really mean when a company commits to \u201czero-deforestation\u201d<\/u><\/a>, by the WRI <\/span><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.nl\/files\/publicaties\/setting_the_bar_for_deforestation_free_soy_190606_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Setting the bar for deforestation-free soy in Europe: a benchmark to assess the suitability of voluntary standard systems Certifications<\/a><\/u>, by Profundo <\/span><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">Letter \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/globalforestcoalition.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/Please-reject-RTRS-certified-soy-letter-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Please reject RTRS-certified soy<\/u><\/a>\u201d, by the Global Forest Coalition <\/span><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/corporateeurope.org\/en\/pressreleases\/2012\/05\/audits-reveal-no-benefits-rtrs-certification  \u2022\tResponsible soy - 10 years on, by Solidaridad\"><u>Audits reveal no benefits from RTRS certification<\/u><\/a>, by the Corporate Europe Observatory <\/span><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.solidaridadnetwork.org\/news\/responsible-soy-10-years-on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Responsible soy &#8211; 10 years on<\/u><\/a>, by Solidaridad <\/span><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gmfreeze.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/13_reasons_rtrs_final-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Thirteen Reasons Why the Roundtable On Responsible Soy Will Not Provide Responsible or Sustainable Soya Bean Production<\/u><\/a>, by GM Freeze <\/span><br \/><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":8090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[57,667,708],"acteurs_financiers":[2277,2276,2434],"thematique":[2513],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-8117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-accord-de-paris","tag-deforestation","tag-soja","acteurs_financiers-assurances-fr","acteurs_financiers-banques-fr","acteurs_financiers-investisseurs","thematique-deforestation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mettre fin \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation : Le pi\u00e8ge de la &#8216;Z\u00e9ro d\u00e9forestation nette&#8217; - Reclaim 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