{"id":8176,"date":"2021-01-26T09:04:17","date_gmt":"2021-01-26T08:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=8176"},"modified":"2023-02-28T18:31:40","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T17:31:40","slug":"politique-monetaire-et-energies-fossiles-la-banque-de-france-entre-necessite-dagir-et-volonte-dattendre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/01\/26\/politique-monetaire-et-energies-fossiles-la-banque-de-france-entre-necessite-dagir-et-volonte-dattendre\/","title":{"rendered":"Politique mon\u00e9taire et \u00e9nergies fossiles : la Banque de France entre n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’agir et volont\u00e9 d’attendre\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lundi 26 janvier 2021 – Une semaine apr\u00e8s que la Banque de France ait r\u00e9duit ses investissements dans les \u00e9nergies fossiles, une campagne lanc\u00e9e par SumOfUs et Reclaim Finance appelle la Banque de France \u00e0 faire preuve de la m\u00eame d\u00e9termination pour d\u00e9carboner la politique mon\u00e9taire europ\u00e9enne. Alors que l\u2019intervention massive de la Banque Centrale Europ\u00e9enne (BCE) en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise du Covid-19 soutient les entreprises les plus polluantes, le Gouverneur de la Banque de France envisage d\u2019attendre 5 ans pour agir tout en pr\u00e9tendant vouloir faire de la BCE une \u201cpionni\u00e8re\u201d dans la lutte contre le changement climatique.<\/b><\/p>\n

SumOfUs et Reclaim Finance lancent une p\u00e9tition appelant la Banque de France et son Gouverneur \u00e0 prendre position pour une d\u00e9carbonation ambitieuse et rapide des op\u00e9rations de la BCE. Cette p\u00e9tition est accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une vid\u00e9o de campagne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alors que la BCE et ses membres \u00e9tudient l\u2019int\u00e9gration des enjeux climatiques \u00e0 la politique dans le cadre d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9vision strat\u00e9gique (1), et que d\u2019autres banques centrales ont int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de premiers crit\u00e8res climatiques \u00e0 leurs op\u00e9rations mon\u00e9taires (2), cette p\u00e9tition demande \u00e0 la Banque de France de traduire la dynamique initi\u00e9e avec l\u2019annonce d\u2019une r\u00e9duction drastique de ses investissements dans les \u00e9nergies fossiles (3) au niveau de la politique mon\u00e9taire europ\u00e9enne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, la BCE continue de refuser de conditionner sa r\u00e9ponse au Covid-19 – qui devrait exc\u00e9der les 5 000 milliards d\u2019euros en 2020-2022 (4) – \u00e0 des crit\u00e8res environnementaux. Elle b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie alors aux entreprises polluantes – dont 38 entreprises des \u00e9nergies fossiles – et s\u2019oppose aux aspirations des europ\u00e9ens clairement exprim\u00e9es dans un sondage (5) r\u00e9alis\u00e9 dans le cadre de la consultation publique de la BCE.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Leyla Larbi, charg\u00e9e de campagne \u00e0 SumOfUs, explique : \u201c<\/span>Malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9clarations chocs de Christine Lagarde, la BCE continue de contribuer \u00e0 la crise climatique en achetant des actifs aux entreprises les plus polluantes, comme Shell et Total, ou en distribuant de l\u2019argent aux banques qui les financent. Les entreprises recevant le soutien de la BCE, pr\u00e9voient pas moins de 67 nouveaux projets d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles(6)\u2026 Plus de 167 000 europ\u00e9ens (7) demandent d\u2019ores-et-d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 la BCE de mettre fin \u00e0 ses pratiques inacceptables. Une logique soutenue dans les paroles par la Banque de France et son Gouverneur, qui doivent maintenant la traduire en actes !<\/span><\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Si le Gouverneur de la Banque de France a plusieurs fois indiqu\u00e9 son souhait de renforcer la contribution climatique de la BCE, il ne pr\u00e9cise pas les modalit\u00e9s d\u2019une telle transformation et sugg\u00e8re que celle-ci pourrait prendre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 cinq ann\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires. Ce d\u00e9lai ignore les recherches les plus r\u00e9centes qui montrent le caract\u00e8re d\u00e9cisif des prochaines ann\u00e9es pour limiter le r\u00e9chauffement climatique (8). <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Paul Schreiber, charg\u00e9 de campagne \u00e0 Reclaim Finance, souligne : \u201c<\/span>Avec sa nouvelle politique d\u2019investissement, la Banque de France reconna\u00eet l\u2019urgence de r\u00e9duire les soutiens financiers accord\u00e9s aux \u00e9nergies fossiles. Seul b\u00e9mol, cette d\u00e9cision est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 22 milliards d\u2019investissements, quand le gouverneur de la Banque de France pr\u00e9voit d\u2019attendre \u201c3 \u00e0 5 ans\u201d <\/span><\/i>(9) <\/span>pour mettre les milliers de milliards de la politique mon\u00e9taire europ\u00e9enne en coh\u00e9rence avec nos objectifs climatiques<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>A l\u2019aune de la COP26 et alors que son gouverneur affirme vouloir faire de la BCE la \u201cbanque centrale pionni\u00e8re\u201d dans la lutte contre le changement climatique <\/span><\/i>(10)<\/span>, la Banque de France doit porter une d\u00e9carbonation imm\u00e9diate et ambitieuse de la politique mon\u00e9taire europ\u00e9enne (11).<\/span><\/i>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Contacts presse<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Leyla Larbi, charg\u00e9 de campagne \u00e0 SumOfUS | <\/span>leyla@sumofus.org<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Paul Schreiber, charg\u00e9 de campagne \u00e0 Reclaim Finance | <\/span>paul@reclaimfinance.org<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Angus Satow, charg\u00e9 de communication \u00e0 Reclaim Finance | <\/span>angus@reclaimfinance.org<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Notes<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n

Voir la p\u00e9tition<\/a><\/b><\/u><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur les enjeux de d\u00e9carbonation de la politique de la BCE et l\u2019\u00e9volution du d\u00e9bat sont disponibles \u00e0 l\u2019adresse https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/nos-combats\/banques-centrales-monnaie-climat\/ <\/u><\/li>\n
  2. Si les crit\u00e8res actuellement utilis\u00e9s par les banques centrales sont clairement insuffisants, ils montrent que le conditionnement des op\u00e9rations mon\u00e9taires est faisable d\u00e8s maintenant : La Banque nationale suisse a r\u00e9cemment annonc\u00e9 exclure les entreprises mini\u00e8res<\/a><\/u> du charbon de tous ces portefeuilles, y compris mon\u00e9taire. La Banque centrale su\u00e9doise applique des crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9missions de CO2 sur ces r\u00e9serves mon\u00e9taires depuis 2019 et va d\u00e9sormais conditionner ces rachats d\u2019actifs<\/u> aux respects de normes internationales.<\/li>\n
  3. La nouvelle politique d\u2019investissement annonc\u00e9e le 18 janvier 2021 par la Banque de France est analys\u00e9e dans le communiqu\u00e9 de presse<\/a><\/u> de Reclaim Finance.<\/li>\n
  4. Le chiffre des 5 000 milliards regroupe les rachats d\u2019actifs (via le Pandemic Emergency Purchase Program – 1850 Mds – et le Corporate Sector Purchase Program – 120 Mds -) et les op\u00e9rations de refinancement (au moins 3 000 Mds en liquidit\u00e9s). Ces op\u00e9rations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9es lors de r\u00e9unions successives de la BCE (voir les communiqu\u00e9s de presse de la BCE<\/a><\/u>).<\/li>\n
  5. SumOfUs, Reclaim Finance et 350.org ont conduit un sondage parall\u00e8le \u00e0 la consultation ouverte par la BCE afin de rendre celle-ci accessible au plus grand nombre. Les r\u00e9sultats de ce sondage sont accessibles ici<\/a><\/u>.<\/li>\n
  6. Ces donn\u00e9es proviennent de deux rapports de Reclaim Finance sur les rachats d\u2019actifs de la BCE : https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2020\/09\/03\/quantitative-easing-climat-2-la-frenesie-gaziere\/<\/u> et https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2020\/05\/17\/quantitative-easing-climat-le-sale-secret-de-la-bce\/ <\/u><\/li>\n
  7. Une p\u00e9tition<\/a><\/u> demandant \u00e0 la BCE de mettre fin \u00e0 ses soutiens aux entreprises des \u00e9nergies fossiles a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9e par plus de 167 000 europ\u00e9ens.<\/li>\n
  8. Voir notamment le Production Gap Report 2020<\/a><\/u>, qui souligne particuli\u00e8rement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de diminuer la production d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles.<\/li>\n
  9. Le Gouverneur a notamment \u00e9voqu\u00e9 ce d\u00e9lai lors du Climate Finance Day<\/a><\/u>. Les derni\u00e8res annonces de la BCE<\/a><\/u> – du 25 janvier 2021 – sugg\u00e8rent aussi une volont\u00e9 d’attendre plusieurs ann\u00e9es pour appliquer les mesures climatiques.<\/li>\n
  10. Voir les d\u00e9clarations du Gouverneur dans Alternatives Economiques<\/a><\/u>.<\/li>\n
  11. Voir notamment les demandes de Reclaim Finance<\/a><\/u> et les cinq demandes des ONGs europ\u00e9ennes<\/a><\/u> pour des propositions concr\u00e8tes \u00e0 porter aupr\u00e8s de la BCE.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>
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