{"id":9538,"date":"2021-03-10T12:55:26","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T11:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=9538"},"modified":"2023-02-28T17:04:24","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T16:04:24","slug":"enbridge-durabilite-sables-bitumineux-violations-de-droits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/03\/10\/enbridge-durabilite-sables-bitumineux-violations-de-droits\/","title":{"rendered":"Enbridge et durabilit\u00e9 : sables bitumineux et violations de droits"},"content":{"rendered":"

En f\u00e9vrier 2021, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne d’\u00e9nergie \u00ab midstream \u00bb <\/span>Enbridge<\/a><\/u> a annonc\u00e9 qu’elle avait obtenu un cr\u00e9dit de 1,0 milliard de dollars li\u00e9 \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9 (\u00ab Sustainability Linked credit \u00bb). En se cachant derri\u00e8re des objectifs ESG ridicules, cette entreprise sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le transport des combustibles fossiles les plus polluants utilise des outils financiers dits \u00ab\u00a0durables\u00a0\u00bb pour aider au financement de son nouveau pipeline \u00ab Line 3 \u00bb, qui d\u00e9truit le climat et viole les droits. Les institutions financi\u00e8res doivent cesser d’\u00eatre complices de tels \u00e9coblanchiments<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lors de la pr\u00e9sentation des r\u00e9sultats financiers<\/a><\/u> 2020 de son entreprise, Al Monaco, pr\u00e9sident et PDG d’Enbridge s’est vant\u00e9 de ce qu’il appelle le \u00a0\u00bb leadership ESG \u00a0\u00bb d’Enbridge. Il s’est enorgueilli du fait que l’entreprise \u00e9tait \u00ab\u00a0la premi\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb de son secteur \u00e0 utiliser une \u00ab\u00a0facilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9dit li\u00e9e \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

En effet, le 10 f\u00e9vrier 2021, Enbridge a obtenu une facilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9dit li\u00e9e \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9 sur trois ans d\u2019un montant de 1,0 milliard de dollars<\/strong> aupr\u00e8s de la CIBC, de la Banque Scotia (Banque de Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse), de la Banque de Montr\u00e9al (BMO Capital Markets), de RBC Capital Markets et de TD Securities. Jusqu\u2019ici rien de surprenant : ces institutions financi\u00e8res sont \u00e9galement les cinq plus gros financeurs<\/a><\/u> d’Enbridge<\/strong>, de 2016 \u00e0 2020 elles ont consacr\u00e9 48,45 milliards de dollars \u00e0 l’entreprise – dont 9,11 milliards pour la seule ann\u00e9e 2020 -.<\/p>\n

Des objectifs ESG pour la destruction de l’environnement<\/strong><\/p>\n

L’op\u00e9ration men\u00e9e par Enbridge en f\u00e9vrier n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 faite publiquement. Aucun document n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 par l’entreprise pour d\u00e9crire clairement en quoi ce cr\u00e9dit est \u00ab\u00a0durable\u00a0\u00bb. L’entreprise s’est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 indiquer qu’il int\u00e8gre ces \u00ab\u00a0objectifs ESG\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

En novembre 2020, Enbridge a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 de nouveaux objectifs ESG<\/a><\/u> qui incluent deux objectifs environnementaux concernant ses \u00e9missions directes de GES (scope 1 et 2) :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0\u00bb R\u00e9duire l’intensit\u00e9 des \u00e9missions de GES de nos activit\u00e9s de 35 % d’ici 2030 \u00a0\u00bb ;<\/li>\n
  2. \u00ab\u00a0Atteindre la neutralit\u00e9 carbone<\/a><\/u> de notre activit\u00e9 d’ici 2050″.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Si ces annonces peuvent para\u00eetre belles, ce sont en fait des mots creux qui permettent \u00e0 l’entreprise de continuer \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des projets et des \u00e9nergies tr\u00e8s polluantes :<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Comme indiqu\u00e9, les objectifs de r\u00e9duction de GES et de neutralit\u00e9 carbone d’Enbridge ne concernent que les \u00e9missions de scope 1 et 2<\/a><\/u><\/strong>. Ils ne s’appliquent \u00e0 la part la plus importante de ses \u00e9missions : l’utilisation des produits qu’elle vend aux entreprises et les pertes de transmission et de distribution du r\u00e9seau. Enbridge elle-m\u00eame \u00e9crit que ses objectifs de r\u00e9duction s’appliquent \u00e0 moins de 2 % de l’intensit\u00e9 carbone du cycle de vie du p\u00e9trole issu des sables bitumineux.<\/li>\n
    2. La r\u00e9duction de l’intensit\u00e9 des \u00e9missions ne signifie pas que le niveau absolu d’\u00e9missions g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par l’entreprise diminuera<\/strong>. Par exemple, Enbridge pourrait consommer de l’\u00e9nergie dont l’empreinte carbone est plus faible, mais augmenter sa consommation, maintenant ainsi – voire augmentant – son niveau total d’\u00e9missions.<\/li>\n
    3. Pour atteindre la neutralit\u00e9 carbone<\/a><\/u> sur ses \u00e9missions de scope 1 et 2, Enbridge s’appuie sur la compensation carbone – \u00e0 savoir des \u00ab\u00a0solutions fond\u00e9es sur la nature\u00a0\u00bb et des cr\u00e9dits d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables -. Par cons\u00e9quent, Enbridge ne ram\u00e8nera pas r\u00e9ellement ses \u00e9missions de scope 1 et 2 au niveau z\u00e9ro, mais ach\u00e8tera des cr\u00e9dits cens\u00e9s compenser toutes ses \u00e9missions r\u00e9siduelles. Mais ces cr\u00e9dits permettront seulement \u00e0 Enbridge de compter des \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9missions \u00e9vit\u00e9es<\/a><\/u>\u00ab\u00a0, et non d’\u00e9quilibrer l’impact climatique de ces \u00e9missions de GES<\/strong>, ce qui rend son affirmation de neutralit\u00e9 carbone infond\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      En examinant de pr\u00e8s la strat\u00e9gie climat d’Enbridge, vous d\u00e9couvrirez qu’elle consiste surtout \u00e0 construire de nouveaux pipelines et infrastructures de distribution de gaz fossiles. Si l’entreprise aime mettre en avant ses investissements dans les \u00e9nergies renouvelables, la majorit\u00e9 des projets de croissance<\/a><\/u> de l’entreprise pour 2020 sont toujours li\u00e9s au p\u00e9trole et au gaz – qui repr\u00e9sentent 82 % des d\u00e9penses totales estim\u00e9es –<\/strong> et 97 % des investissements de l’entreprise en 2019 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 ces \u00e9nergies.<\/p>\n

      Enbridge ignore totalement les \u00e9tudes scientifiques<\/a><\/u> qui prouvent que la production de combustibles fossiles doit \u00eatre r\u00e9duite de mani\u00e8re drastique. L\u2019entreprise sugg\u00e8re que g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un peu moins de GES lors de leur transport est suffisant pour aligner ses op\u00e9rations avec l’Accord de Paris.<\/p>\n

      L’expansion des sables bitumineux financ\u00e9e par des cr\u00e9dits \u00ab durables \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Si l’impact d’Enbridge sur l\u2019environnement et son faux engagement en faveur du climat sont une raison suffisante pour ne plus soutenir l’entreprise et rejeter tout financement \u00ab\u00a0durable\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0vert\u00a0\u00bb, l’entreprise donne aux acteurs financiers une autre raison de se tenir \u00e0 l’\u00e9cart : le projet de pipeline \u00ab Line 3<\/a><\/u> \u00bb dans le Minnesota. Cet ol\u00e9oduc acheminera le p\u00e9trole de la r\u00e9gion des sables bitumineux<\/a><\/u> du Canada vers le Wisconsin, favorisant ainsi la consommation et la production d’un carburant qui \u00e9met 3,2 \u00e0 4,5 fois<\/a><\/u> plus de GES que le p\u00e9trole conventionnel<\/b>.<\/p>\n

      Les recherches<\/a><\/u> ont montr\u00e9 que les facilit\u00e9s de cr\u00e9dit permettent \u00e0 Enbridge de disposer des liquidit\u00e9s n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de ses projets d’infrastructures d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles<\/b>. En particulier, le financement \u00e0 usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral peut fournir les fonds que les r\u00e9gulateurs exigent pour prendre en compte les risques de fuites de p\u00e9trole. En 2018, Enbridge a utilis\u00e9 des obligations vertes<\/a><\/u> pour financer des projets d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable, lib\u00e9rant ainsi des capitaux pour poursuivre ses autres investissements dans les \u00e9nergies fossiles. La facilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9dit \u00ab\u00a0li\u00e9e \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb sign\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier est cruciale<\/a><\/u> pour le projet \u00ab Line 3 \u00bb.<\/p>\n

      Apr\u00e8s six ans d’opposition au projet par les nations tribales et les groupes \u00e9cologistes, Enbridge a d\u00e9but\u00e9 la construction en d\u00e9cembre 2020, malgr\u00e9 les risques li\u00e9s au COVID, les contestations judiciaires<\/a><\/u> et l’opposition soutenue<\/a><\/u> des communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes. Ce projet est une catastrophe environnementale : la construction rejetterait 193 millions<\/a><\/u> de tonnes de GES suppl\u00e9mentaires par an<\/b>, des \u00e9missions annuelles \u00e9quivalentes \u00e0 50 nouvelles centrales \u00e0 charbon. Selon Honor The Earth, elle viole<\/a><\/u> \u00e9galement les droits issus de trait\u00e9s des Anishinaabeg<\/b> en mettant en danger des ressources naturelles et culturelles essentielles. Ironiquement, les objectifs ESG d’Enbridge incluent la contribution \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la r\u00e9conciliation autochtone par le biais de strat\u00e9gies d’emploi et de formation\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

      Mettre fin \u00e0 l’\u00e9coblanchiment des \u00e9nergies fossiles<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Le cas d’Enbridge devrait \u00eatre un avertissement pour tous les acteurs financiers qui souhaitent r\u00e9ellement soutenir les objectifs de l’Accord de Paris et tous ceux qui soutiennent le d\u00e9veloppement de la \u00ab\u00a0finance durable\u00a0\u00bb. Pourtant, si les affirmations d’Enbridge en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9 sont choquantes, ce n’est pas la premi\u00e8re fois que des entreprises du secteur p\u00e9trolier et gazier s’appuient sur des produits dits \u00ab\u00a0verts\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0durables\u00a0\u00bb pour trouver des capitaux, et ce ne sera pas la derni\u00e8re. En d\u00e9cembre 2020, NRG a \u00e9t\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re entreprise nord-am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 \u00e9mettre une obligation li\u00e9e \u00e0 la durabilit\u00e9<\/a><\/u> (\u00ab sustainability-linked bond \u00bb), alors m\u00eame qu\u2019elle n\u2019a aucun plan pour arr\u00eater la production d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de charbon qui repr\u00e9sente encore 34 %<\/a><\/u> de son portefeuille.<\/p>\n

      Les r\u00e9gulateurs financiers et le pouvoir politique doivent cr\u00e9er et adopter des exigences fortes qui obligent les entreprises \u00e0 suivre de v\u00e9ritables plans d’alignement sur les objectifs de l\u2019Accord de Paris et \u00e0 d\u00e9tourner les flux financiers des projets et des entreprises qui d\u00e9truisent le climat. En l’absence d’un cadre r\u00e9glementaire qui obligerait les entreprises \u00e0 agir r\u00e9ellement de mani\u00e8re durable, il est du devoir des institutions financi\u00e8res de v\u00e9rifier soigneusement toute all\u00e9gation environnementale et de d\u00e9busquer l’\u00e9coblanchiment.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

      <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":3124,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[665,40,283],"acteurs_financiers":[2276],"thematique":[2415,2417],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-9538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-banque","tag-climat","tag-sables-bitumineux","acteurs_financiers-banques-fr","thematique-energies-fossiles","thematique-petrole-et-gaz"],"yoast_head":"\nEnbridge et durabilit\u00e9 : sables bitumineux et violations de droits - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/03\/10\/enbridge-durabilite-sables-bitumineux-violations-de-droits\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enbridge et durabilit\u00e9 : sables bitumineux et violations de droits - 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