{"id":9566,"date":"2021-03-11T06:00:27","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T05:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/?p=9566"},"modified":"2023-02-28T16:56:23","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T15:56:23","slug":"axa-epingle-comme-assureur-expansion-gaziere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reclaimfinance.org\/site\/2021\/03\/11\/axa-epingle-comme-assureur-expansion-gaziere\/","title":{"rendered":"AXA \u00e9pingl\u00e9 comme un assureur de l\u2019expansion gazi\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 c'est que <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span> gaz<\/span><\/span> est bien plus sale que ce qui est <\/span><\/span>commun\u00e9ment <\/span><\/span>admis\". C'est avec ces mots qu'<\/span><\/span>Urgewald<\/span><\/span>, ONG allemande <\/span><\/span>sp\u00e9cialiste<\/span><\/span> des enjeux climatiques,<\/span><\/span> introduit son <\/span><\/span>nouveau rapport<\/a> <\/u><\/span><\/span>Taking<\/span><\/span> the Next <\/span><\/span>Step<\/span><\/span> \u2013 Pourquoi les assureurs ne doivent pas soutenir de nouvelles infrastructures gaz<\/span><\/span>i\u00e8res<\/span><\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/span> Le rapport d\u00e9taille les impacts encore m\u00e9connus du ga<\/span><\/span>z sur le climat<\/span><\/span> et rompt radicalement avec l'id\u00e9e du gaz comme \u00e9nergie de transition<\/span><\/span>. Reclaim Finance <\/span><\/span>se joint \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>Urgewald<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9nonce<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> soutien<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> d'<\/span><\/span>AXA<\/span><\/span> et d<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>assureurs<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> nouveaux<\/span><\/span> projets d'infrastructures gazi\u00e8res, <\/span><\/span>strictement<\/span><\/span> incompatibles avec leurs <\/span><\/span>engagements<\/span><\/span> climatiques<\/span><\/span> et leur mandat de g<\/span><\/span>estion<\/span><\/span>naires du risque. <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Le gaz<\/span><\/span> n'est<\/span><\/span> pas une solution <\/span><\/span>pour le climat<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Le<\/span> gaz<\/span>, dont l'extraction et la consommation de gaz <\/span>repr\u00e9sentent 2<\/span>5% des \u00e9missions de GES <\/span>mondiale<\/span>s<\/span>, est sou<\/span>vent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une <\/span>alternative propre au charbon<\/span>. C<\/span>ette <\/span>id\u00e9e est fausse pour au moins deux raisons. <\/span><\/p>\n

D'une <\/span>part,<\/span> d<\/span>'apr\u00e8s<\/span> l<\/span>e <\/span>Production Gap Report de 2020<\/a><\/u><\/span> coordonn\u00e9<\/span> par le<\/span>s Nations Unies<\/span> nous<\/span> devons <\/span>r\u00e9duire <\/span>la production de gaz de 3%<\/span> par an d'ici <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>2030<\/span>. Tout nouveau d\u00e9veloppement est<\/span> donc<\/span> incompatible avec le bu<\/span>dget carbone restant et il nous faudra fermer certains sites avant qu'ils ne soient pleinement exploit\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n

D'autre part<\/span> au-del\u00e0 des effets stricts d<\/span>e l'utilisation du gaz<\/span>, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment es<\/span>t trop souvent <\/span>n\u00e9glig\u00e9 :<\/span> les fuites de m\u00e9thane lors du transport et de la transformation du GNL. <\/span>Celles-ci, souvent estim\u00e9es \u00e0 2-3% sur l'ensemble du processus pourraient en fait aller jusqu'\u00e0 9%<\/span> du total<\/span>. Or, le m\u00e9thane<\/span> (CH4)<\/span> a <\/span>sur une p\u00e9riode de 20 ans <\/span>un <\/span>impact n\u00e9gatif<\/span> sur le climat <\/u><\/span>estim\u00e9 \u00e0 86 fois celui du <\/span>CO<\/span>2<\/span><\/u>.<\/span> En d'autres mots, l'exploitation du gaz <\/span>est bien plus polluante que ce qui est normalement admis. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ces constats sont d'autant plus inqui\u00e9tants qu<\/span>'<\/span>Urgewald<\/span> nous <\/span>rappelle dans <\/span>son<\/span> rapport que<\/span> la<\/span> production de gaz ne baisse pas<\/span> mais augmente d'environ 1<\/span>% chaque<\/span> ann\u00e9e. <\/span><\/p>\n

Des infrastructures inutiles<\/span><\/span> qui se multiplient<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Fi<\/span>n 2019, <\/span>ce sont <\/span>21<\/span> projets d'infrastructures de transport ou de transformation de gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 <\/span>qui sont dans les cartons rien qu'en Europe, dont 6 en construction. Lorsque l'on sait que de telles infrastructures mettent entre 5 et 10 ans \u00e0 sortir de terre, et que des contrat<\/span>s d'<\/span>approvisionnements<\/span> de 20 ans ou plus sont sign\u00e9s avant d'amorcer les travaux, on comprend l'ampleur <\/span>du <\/span>d\u00e9sastre :<\/span> ces projets vont enfermer l'Europe dans sa d\u00e9pendance au ga<\/span>z bien au-del\u00e0 de ce que permet le respect de l'Accord de Paris. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ce<\/span> d\u00e9velop<\/span>pement <\/span>v<\/span>a \u00e0 l'encontre<\/span> d<\/span>es engagements climatiques de l'Union Europ\u00e9enne et des tendances a<\/span>ctuelles en faveur de la r\u00e9duction de la consommation en gaz<\/span>q<\/span>ui<\/span> selon les projections baissera de <\/span>1<\/span>3 \u00e0 19% d'ici \u00e0 2040 et de 75 \u00e0 85% d'ici \u00e0 2050<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

L'inutilit\u00e9 de nouvelles infrastructures est encore plus frappante quand on regarde le taux d'utilisation des infrastructures ex<\/span>istantes. D'apr\u00e8s l<\/span>'<\/span>institut allemand de recherche en \u00e9conomie, DIW, les <\/span>28 terminaux d'importations de GNL et les 8 mini-terminaux additionnels existants <\/span>en <\/span>Euro<\/span>pe<\/span> ont<\/span> tourn\u00e9 en moyenne \u00e0 25% de leur capacit\u00e9 totale<\/span> depuis 2012. <\/span><\/p>\n

Au regard de ces chiffres il n'est donc pas \u00e9tonnant que les annulations de projets s'enchainent. En plus des facteurs \u00e9conomiques s'ajoutent les risques de r\u00e9putation \u00e0 importer du gaz de schiste des Etats-Unis, l\u00e9gaux en cas de participation \u00e0 des proje<\/span>ts d'importation de gaz russe sanctionn\u00e9s par les Etats-Unis, de poursuites judiciaires par les populations locales. Rien <\/span>qu'en 2020<\/span>, Engie a annul\u00e9 son contrat avec Next <\/span>Decade<\/span>, le gouvernement irlandais annul\u00e9 les projets d'infrastructures \u00e0 Shannon et Cork, et <\/span>Uniper<\/span> a suspendu pour une dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9finie ses projets \u00e0 Wilhelmshaven<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les assureurs fervents soutiens de l'<\/span><\/span>exploitation gazi\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Or, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne risque de s'accentuer puisque le secteur est en train de perdre les soutiens des institutions financi\u00e8res publiques de d\u00e9veloppement ou d'aide \u00e0 l'exportation qui annoncent la fin de leurs soutiens \u00e0 de tels projets gaziers. Dernier en date, le pr\u00e9sident de la Banque Europ\u00e9enne d'Investissement qui d\u00e9clarait le 22 janvier 2021: \"<\/span>Gas is ove<\/span><\/i>r\".<\/span><\/p>\n

Et pourtant, un secteur refuse pour l'instant de tourner le dos au gaz : celui de l'assurance<\/span>. <\/span>L<\/span>e rapport d<\/span>'<\/span>Ur<\/span>gewald<\/span> montre que depuis l'Accord de Paris,<\/span> au moins 21 acteurs majeurs du monde de l'assurance <\/span>ont soutenu <\/span>de tels projets. Que ce soit<\/span> via l'\u00e9mission de politiques d'<\/span>'assurances<\/span> ou<\/span> via l'investissement en actions ou en obligations <\/span>Urgewald<\/span> en <\/span>documente 24 projets <\/span>en <\/span>d\u00e9veloppement<\/span> et<\/span> on peut <\/span>soup\u00e7onner<\/span> que<\/span> cela<\/span> ne <\/span>repr\u00e9sente<\/span> que la partie \u00e9merg\u00e9<\/span>e<\/span> de l'iceberg. <\/span><\/p>\n

Parmi eux se trouvent AXA. <\/span>Nous savions d\u00e9j\u00e0 qu<\/span>'<\/span>AXA compte parmi les 15 plus gros assureurs du secteur p\u00e9trolier et ga<\/span>z<\/span>ier. Le rapport d'<\/span>Urgewald<\/span> nous donne un a<\/span>per\u00e7u de l'implication du g\u00e9ant de l'assuran<\/span>ce fran\u00e7ais dans l'expansion gazi\u00e8re en <\/span>Europe<\/span> a<\/span>vec<\/span> pas<\/span> moins de 5 projets de d\u00e9veloppement d'infrastructures gazi\u00e8res<\/span> depuis la signature de l'Accord de Paris. <\/span>On peut ainsi mentionner le projet<\/span> de gazoduc<\/span> Nordstream<\/span> 2<\/span> ou les activit\u00e9s gazi\u00e8res et projets de d\u00e9veloppement des entreprises <\/span>Energinet<\/span> (Danemark)<\/span>, N.V. <\/span>Nederlandse<\/span> (<\/span>Pays-bas<\/span>)<\/span> et de<\/span> Gasunie<\/span> et<\/span> Fluxys<\/span> (Belgique).<\/span><\/p>\n

Les soutiens peu scrupuleux d'AXA au secteur gazier<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Si on<\/span> se concentre <\/span>sur <\/span>Fluxys<\/span>, <\/span>AXA assure <\/span>par exemple cette derni\u00e8re <\/span>via <\/span>un<\/span> contrat de couverture des pertes d'exploitation et <\/span>d<\/span>es dommages<\/span>. <\/span>AXA e<\/span>st <\/span>aussi<\/span> devenu <\/span>c<\/span>o<\/span>-acti<\/span>onnaire <\/span>d<\/span>'une joint-venture avec<\/span> Fluxys<\/span>. <\/span>Fl<\/span>uxys<\/span>, entreprise belge d'importation de GNL via plusieurs terminaux en France, Allemagne et Belgique <\/span>est<\/span> probl\u00e9matique \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9gards. <\/span><\/p>\n

Fluxys<\/span> entend op\u00e9rer dans ce secteur <\/span>sur un horizon de temps incompatible a<\/span>vec les object<\/span>i<\/span>f<\/span>s de l'Accord de Paris. <\/span>En effet, alors que l'Europe devrait sortir des \u00e9nergies fossiles d'ici 2040, <\/span>Flux<\/span>y<\/span>s<\/span> a u<\/span>n contrat d'approvisionnement avec le Qatar <\/span>qui <\/span>pr\u00e9voit <\/span>d<\/span>es livraisons jusqu'en 2044<\/span>. <\/span>L<\/span>es \u00e9missions induites <\/span>pas ce contrat s'\u00e9l\u00e8veront \u00e0 <\/span>2.3 <\/span>gigatones<\/span> de CO2e<\/span> sur une p\u00e9riode 25 ans \u2013 l'\u00e9quivalent de 3 fois les \u00e9missions totales de GES de l'Allemagne pour l'ann\u00e9e 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fluxys<\/span> a \u00e9galement <\/span>sign\u00e9 en 2015 <\/span>un accord d'approvisionnement <\/span>sur 20 ans avec l'entreprise russe <\/span>Novatek<\/span>, pour l'achat annuel de 8<\/span> millions de tonnes de GNL <\/span>produit dans<\/span> la r\u00e9gion d<\/span>u <\/span>Yamal<\/span>. <\/span>L<\/span>'<\/span>activit\u00e9<\/span> gazi\u00e8re<\/span> de<\/span> Novatek<\/span> menace le mode de vie des <\/span>41 000 <\/span>populations pastorales<\/span> Nenets et <\/span>Yamalo<\/span>, dont les terres sont accapar\u00e9es<\/span> et qui font face \u00e0 un <\/span>ch\u00f4mage de masse et <\/span>des <\/span>probl\u00e8mes d'addictions mu<\/span>ltiples<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

AXA d<\/span><\/span>oit dire non \u00e0 l'expansion <\/span><\/span>gaz<\/span><\/span>i\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9sum\u00e9, en acceptant d'<\/span><\/span>'assurer<\/span><\/span> ce type de projets ou d'investir dans ces entreprises, AXA contribue \u00e0 aggraver la crise climatique actuelle et intente aux droits fondamentaux des populations affect\u00e9es par <\/span><\/span>l'exploitation des gisements gaziers. Avec un<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span> telle politique d'investissement, le risque d'es<\/span><\/span>suyer des pertes financi\u00e8res n'est pas \u00e0 \u00e9cart<\/span><\/span>er<\/span><\/span> non plus<\/span><\/span> compte tenu de la sous-utilisation chronique des infrastructures gazi\u00e8res en Europe. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il <\/span><\/span>est<\/span><\/span> donc urgent qu'AXA<\/span><\/span>, tout comme les autres assureurs europ\u00e9ens,<\/span><\/span> arr\u00eate <\/span><\/span>d\u00e8s maintenant <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>'assurer<\/span><\/span> tout nouveau projet <\/span><\/span>gazier et conditionne ses soutiens aux entreprises \u00e0 l<\/span><\/span>'arr\u00eat de leur expansion dans ce secteur<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Faute de quoi les activistes climatiques auront beau jeu <\/span><\/span>de<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9noncer l'<\/span><\/span>hypocr<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>sie<\/span><\/span> d'AXA<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>membre de <\/span><\/span>la Net-<\/span><\/span>Zero<\/span><\/span> Asset <\/span><\/span>Owner<\/span><\/span> Alliance<\/span><\/span>, en mati\u00e8re climatique.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":9568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[57,648,40,19],"acteurs_financiers":[2277],"thematique":[2415,2280],"webinar_type":[],"programme":[],"class_list":["post-9566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-accord-de-paris","tag-assureur","tag-climat","tag-gaz","acteurs_financiers-assurances-fr","thematique-energies-fossiles","thematique-gaz-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nAXA \u00e9pingl\u00e9 comme un assureur de l\u2019expansion gazi\u00e8re - Reclaim Finance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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